Unix 简明教程

Unix / Linux - System Performance

在本章中，我们将详细讨论 Unix 系统的系统性能。

In this chapter, we will discuss in detail about the system performance in Unix.

我们将向你介绍几个可用来监控和管理 Unix 系统性能的免费工具。这些工具还提供了关于如何诊断和修复 Unix 环境中的性能问题的指南。

We will introduce you to a few free tools that are available to monitor and manage performance on Unix systems. These tools also provide guidelines on how to diagnose and fix performance problems in the Unix environment.

Unix 具有以下需要监控和调整的主要资源类型：

Unix has following major resource types that need to be monitored and tuned −

  1. CPU

  2. Memory

  3. Disk space

  4. Communications lines

  5. I/O Time

  6. Network Time

  7. Applications programs

Performance Components

下表列出了占用系统时间的五个主要组件：

The following table lists out five major components which take up the system time −

Sr.No.

Component & Description

1

User State CPU The actual amount of time the CPU spends running the users’ program in the user state. It includes the time spent executing library calls, but does not include the time spent in the kernel on its behalf

2

System State CPU * This is the amount of time the CPU spends in the system state on behalf of this program. All *I/O routines require kernel services. The programmer can affect this value by blocking I/O transfers

3

*I/O Time and Network Time * This is the amount of time spent moving data and servicing I/O requests

4

*Virtual Memory Performance * This includes context switching and swapping

5

Application Program Time spent running other programs - when the system is not servicing this application because another application currently has the CPU

Performance Tools

Unix 提供了以下重要工具来测量和微调 Unix 系统性能：

Unix provides following important tools to measure and fine tune Unix system performance −

Sr.No.

Command & Description

1

nice/renice Runs a program with modified scheduling priority

2

netstat Prints network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

3

time Helps time a simple command or give resource usage

4

uptime This is System Load Average

5

ps Reports a snapshot of the current processes

6

vmstat Reports virtual memory statistics

7

gprof Displays call graph profile data

8

prof Facilitates Process Profiling

9

top Displays system tasks

您可以使用 Manpage Help 查看此处提到的每个命令的完整语法。

You can use Manpage Help to check complete syntax for each command mentioned here.