Docker 简明教程

Docker Tutorial

Docker Tutorial

Docker 是一个开源平台，它彻底改变了我们开发、部署和使用应用程序的方式。应用程序开发生命周期是一个动态过程，开发人员一直在寻求提高其效率的方法。Docker 通过利用容器化技术，使用户能够将他们的工作及其所有依赖项打包到称为容器的标准化单元中。

Docker is an open-source platform that has completely changed the way we develop, deploy, and use apps. The application development lifecycle is a dynamic process, and developers are always looking for ways to make it more efficient. Docker enables developers to package their work and all of its dependencies into standardized units called containers by utilizing containerization technology.

通过将应用程序与基础设施分离，这些轻量级容器在各种环境中提供可靠的性能和功能。因此，Docker 是开发人员的游戏规则改变者，因为它使他们能够专注于创建出色软件，而不是处理困难的基础设施。

By separating apps from the underlying infrastructure, these lightweight containers provide reliable performance and functionality in a variety of environments. Because of this, Docker is a game-changer for developers because it frees them up to concentrate on creating amazing software rather than handling difficult infrastructure.

无论您的经验水平如何，Docker 都提供了一套广泛的功能和强大的工具集，可以极大地提高您的开发过程。在本教程中，我们将为您提供对 Docker 的透彻理解，介绍其主要功能、优点以及如何使用它来更快速、更轻松地开发、启动和分发应用程序。

Regardless of your level of experience, Docker provides an extensive feature set and a strong toolset that can greatly enhance your development process. In this tutorial, we will provide you with a thorough understanding of Docker, going over its main features, advantages, and ways to use it to develop, launch, and distribute apps more quickly and easily.

What is Docker?

Docker 是一个基于软件容器理念的平台。这些自包含的容器包含运行应用程序所需的所有代码、库、系统工具和配置。考虑集装箱，它可以轻松地在不同站点之间移动，并且可以容纳您的所有物品，包括衣服和家具。

Docker is a platform that is based on the idea of software containers. The code, libraries, system tools, and configurations required to run an application are all included in these self-contained containers. Consider a shipping container; it can easily be moved between different sites and accommodates all of your belongings, including clothing and furnishings.

以同样的方式，Docker 容器独立于底层操作系统，包含了应用程序的所有需求。这保证了行为的一致性，并解决了传统部署有时会出现的兼容性问题。

In the same manner, Docker containers, independent of the underlying operating system, encompass all the requirements of an application. This guarantees consistency in behavior and gets rid of compatibility problems that sometimes arise with traditional deployments.

从技术上讲，Docker 是通过使用操作系统的内核的虚拟化能力来实现的。与模拟完整硬件系统的虚拟机不同，容器是轻量级且极度可移植的，因为它们共享主机的操作系统内核。借助 Docker 的一组工具和 API，开发人员可以在各种环境中创建、管理和启动这些容器，从本地开发工作站到基于云的生产服务器。

Technically, Docker does this by using the virtualization capabilities of the operating system’s kernel. Containers are lightweight and extremely portable since they share the host’s operating system kernel, unlike virtual machines that mimic full hardware systems. Developers may create, manage, and launch these containers in a variety of environments, from local development workstations to cloud-based production servers, with the help of Docker’s suite of tools and APIs.

Traditional Deployment vs Docker Deployment

让我们看一下使用特定 Python 版本和一些第三方库创建的 Web 应用程序。在新的服务器上部署此应用程序需要手动安装所需的 Python 版本、库和环境配置。需要对每台服务器重复此程序，这可能会很费力和容易出错。

Let’s look at a web application that was created using a particular Python version and a few third-party libraries. The required Python version, libraries, and environment configuration would need to be manually installed to deploy this application on a new server. It is necessary to repeat this procedure on each server, which can be laborious and prone to errors.

这是 Docker 擅长的领域。开发人员可以使用 Docker 生成一个容器映像，其中包含应用程序代码以及所有依赖项（特定库和 Python 版本）以及系统可能需要的任何设置。之后，此映像可以快速安装在任何安装了 Docker 的主机上。

This is where Docker excels. Developers can use Docker to generate a container image that contains the application code together with all of its dependencies (particular libraries and versions of Python) and any setups that the system may require. After that, this image may be quickly installed on any host that has Docker installed.

通过为容器提供一个隔离的环境，Docker 引擎可以防止与主机系统上的其他程序或库出现问题。这为开发人员节省了大量时间和工作，因为它不仅使部署变得更加简单，而且还确保了在所有设置中的行为一致。

By providing the container with an isolated environment, the Docker engine prevents problems with other programs or libraries on the host system. This saves developers a great deal of time and work because it not only makes deployment simpler but also ensures consistent behavior across all settings.

Docker Developers in Demand: Job Opportunities

在当今的 IT 环境中，Docker 领域的专业知识变得越来越有价值。由于容器化，对有技能规划、创建和监督 Docker 化应用程序的工程师的需求显着增加。由于其可扩展性和效率优势，越来越多的企业采用容器化，预计这种趋势将持续下去。

The expertise in Docker is becoming increasingly valuable in today’s IT environment. The need for engineers with the skills to plan, create, and supervise Dockerized applications has increased significantly as a result of containerization. As more businesses adopt containerization due to its scalability and efficiency advantages, this trend is anticipated to continue.

Salary Expectations

根据多个招聘网站和薪资报告，Docker 开发人员有望获得具备竞争力的薪资。工作地点、工作类型和经验水平都会影响平均薪酬。拥有丰富专业知识的高级开发人员可获得超过 150,000 美元的工资，而初级工作可能仅为每年 70,000 至 90,000 美元。

Competitive salaries are expected for Docker developers, based on several job sites and salary reports. The location, type of work, and experience levels can all affect average pay. Senior developers with a lot of expertise can earn wages above $150,000, while entry-level jobs might start anywhere from $70,000 to $90,000 per year.

Who Uses Docker?

Docker 的应用广泛见于许多行业。各类企业正在使用 Docker，从初创企业到老牌公司，再到 Google 和 Netflix 等 IT 巨头。下面是一些示例 −

The use of Docker is widespread in many industries. Docker is being used by businesses of all kinds, from startups to established corporations, to IT behemoths like Google and Netflix. Here are a few examples −

  1. Technology Companies − Docker integration is offered by cloud providers such as Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Amazon Web Services (AWS), and others, which makes it an ideal choice for businesses developing cloud-native applications.

  2. FinTech − Due to Docker’s security and dependability when developing financial apps, financial institutions are using it more and more.

  3. E-commerce − Docker is perfect for e-commerce platforms that manage large levels of traffic since it can scale quickly and meet scalability requirements.

  4. Media & Entertainment − Businesses in this industry use Docker to handle workflows related to media processing and content delivery networks.

Docker and Beyond: Building a Strong Resume

虽然 Docker 基础知识提供坚实基础，但精通补充技术可以极大地改善您的简历并提高您的就业能力。以下是一些需要考虑的关键点 −

Although knowledge of Docker provides a solid basis, being proficient in supplementary technologies can greatly improve your CV and increase your marketability. Here are some crucial points to think about −

  1. Tools for DevOps − Knowledge of tools for DevOps, such as Kubernetes, which facilitates the large-scale orchestration of containerized deployments, is a beneficial addition.

  2. Cloud Platforms − Your ability to use Docker in cloud environments is demonstrated by your familiarity with popular cloud platforms like as AWS, Azure, or GCP.

  3. Programming Languages − You will stand out if you have strong proficiency in the widely used Python, Java, or Go programming languages, which are utilized to create Dockerized apps.

  4. Infrastructure Automation − Your ability to automate infrastructure provisioning and configuration in conjunction with Docker deployments is demonstrated by your familiarity with tools such as Terraform or Ansible.

如果你将 Docker 专业知识与这些补充技能相结合，您的简历可能会产生巨大影响，并使您在 Docker 开发人员的竞争激烈的就业市场中处于最佳位置。

Your resume may make a big impression and put you in the best possible position to succeed in the competitive job market for Docker developers if you combine your Docker expertise with these complementary skills.

Why Should You Learn Docker?

在不断变化的软件开发领域，领先一步至关重要。Docker 的容器化技术使其成为当代开发方法的支柱。这就是为什么掌握 Docker 可能会彻底改变您的职业道路 −

Being ahead of the curve is essential in the ever-changing field of software development. Docker’s containerization technology has made it a mainstay of contemporary development methodologies. This is why mastering Docker could revolutionize your professional path −

  1. Simplified Development & Deployment − Docker simplifies the entire development process, leading to simpler development and deployment. Developers are free to concentrate on developing code instead of tinkering with environment configurations when they package apps together with their dependencies into portable containers. Faster development cycles and simpler deployments across several settings are the results of this.

  2. Increased Scalability and Efficiency − Because containers are lightweight and resource-efficient, they allow for quicker application startup times and more effective resource use. Scaling applications also becomes effortless. To meet requests for higher workloads or traffic, you can quickly spin up more container instances.

  3. Improved Collaboration and Consistency − Docker facilitates uniformity among development, testing, and production environments. By guaranteeing that everyone is using the same version of the program and its dependencies, developers may share container images, which reduces issues and expedites debugging.

  4. Cloud-Native Ready − Docker sets you up for success as cloud adoption keeps rising. Docker integrates smoothly with major cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and GCP, which makes it perfect for developing and implementing cloud-native apps.

  5. Market Demand and Career Growth − Possessing Docker knowledge is a highly desirable ability. As the need for containerized apps grows, businesses are actively looking for engineers with experience with Docker. Gaining expertise in Docker can greatly enhance your employment prospects and lead to fascinating professional alternatives.

  6. Future-Proofing Your Skills − Software development will move toward containerization. Not only will you gain a useful skill by learning Docker, but you’ll also be investing in a set of talents that will be applicable for years to come.

Docker 为开发者在构建、部署和管理应用程序方面提供更多的便利和效率。无论您的经验水平如何，精通 Docker 将为您提供在当前开发环境中取得成功所需的技能和信息。

Docker gives developers more convenience and efficiency when building, deploying, and managing applications. Whatever your level of experience, mastering Docker will give you the skills and information you need to succeed in the current development environment.

Features and Characteristics of Docker

除了容器化之外，Docker 还提供了广泛的功能，简化了整个应用程序开发生命周期。由于这些特性及其广泛的应用程序，Docker 已成为企业和开发者的重要工具。我们现在来探索 Docker 的主要功能和特性 −

Beyond just containerization, Docker provides an extensive feature set that simplifies the entire application development lifecycle. Because of these characteristics and its wide range of applications, Docker is a vital tool for both enterprises and developers. Now let’s explore Docker’s primary features and characteristics −

  1. Containerization − Docker’s primary function is to create isolated, portable units that package configurations, dependencies, and code for applications.

  2. Image Management − Docker makes it possible to create, save, and distribute container images, guaranteeing standardized application delivery throughout various settings.

  3. Networking − Docker offers fine-grained control over container networking, facilitating inter-container communication and service discovery.

  4. Volumes − By using volumes, developers can store data outside of containers in a persistent manner that endures even after the container restarts.

  5. Security − To improve application security, Docker uses security mechanisms to segregate containers and manage access.

  6. Scalability − Docker makes it simple to scale apps. Adding more container instances is a simple way to manage heavier workloads or traffic.

  7. Orchestration − By integrating with Kubernetes and other orchestration technologies, Docker makes it possible to handle intricate deployments involving numerous containers.

  8. Development Workflow − By offering standardized environments for development, testing, and production, Docker simplifies development workflows.

  9. Microservices Architecture − By encouraging modularity and scalability, Docker’s lightweight containers are perfect for developing microservices designs.

  10. Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) − Docker easily integrates with CI/CD pipelines to automate builds, tests, and deployments.

  11. Cloud-Native Development − The foundation of cloud-native development is Docker, which makes it possible to deploy and maintain applications in cloud environments effectively.

  12. Legacy Application Modernization − Docker can be used to upgrade legacy applications by containerizing them, which increases their manageability and portability.

  13. DevOps Practices − By simplifying infrastructure management, automation, and communication for containerized apps, Docker gives DevOps teams more power.

Careers for Docker Developers

熟练掌握 Docker 为各种激动人心的工作机会打开了大门。Docker 帮助 IT、系统管理和开发领域的专业人士更好地管理软件开发的动态世界。如果您精通 Docker，您可以从事以下有吸引力的职业道路 −

Proficiency in Docker opens access to a wide range of fascinating job opportunities. Docker helps professionals in IT, system administration, and development to better manage the dynamic world of software development. If you are proficient with Docker, you can pursue the following lucrative job paths −

  1. Software Developer − Build, test, and deploy containerized applications using Docker and leverage it to streamline development workflows.

  2. DevOps Engineer − Integrate Docker into CI/CD pipelines, automate deployments, and manage containerized infrastructure.

  3. Solutions Architect − Design and implement containerized solutions for businesses, ensuring scalability and efficiency.

  4. Site Reliability Engineer (SRE) − Manage and maintain containerized applications in production environments, ensuring high availability and performance.

  5. Docker Captain − Become a Docker community leader, share your expertise, and contribute to the Docker ecosystem.

  6. Docker Consultant − Help businesses adopt Docker by providing consulting services on containerization strategies and best practices.

Prerequisites to Learn Docker

在开始学习 Docker 之前，在几个关键领域拥有坚实的基础将帮助你显著提升你的学习体验。以下是几个学习 Docker 需要的基本先决条件 −

Before we start learning Docker, having a solid foundation in a few key areas will help you to significantly enhance your learning experience. Here are a few essential prerequisites that will get you started with Docker −

  1. Basic understanding of operating systems (Linux preferred).

  2. Comfort with the command line interface.

  3. Knowledge of networking concepts (IP addresses, ports, protocols).

  4. (Optional) Experience with programming languages (Python, Java, Go).

  5. (Optional) Familiarity with Version Control Systems (Git).

Target Audience

任何在软件开发生命周期中工作的人都可以从这个关于 Docker 的综合教程中受益。这包括：优化工作流的开发者、自动化部署的 DevOps 工程师、监督服务器上应用程序的系统管理员、创建可扩展解决方案的解决方案架构师和维护应用程序运行状况的 SRE。此外，了解 Docker 将对任何对云原生编程感兴趣的人非常有帮助。

Anybody working in the software development lifecycle can benefit from this comprehensive tutorial on Docker. This includes students, developers looking to optimize their workflow, DevOps engineers automating deployments, system administrators overseeing applications on servers, solutions architects creating scalable solutions, and SREs maintaining the health of applications. Furthermore, knowing Docker will be quite helpful for anyone interested in cloud-native programming.

FAQs About Docker

有一些关于 Docker 的非常常见的 Q＆A（常见问题），本节将尝试简要回答它们。

There are some very Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ) about Docker, this section tries to answer them briefly.

Docker Questions & Answers

如果你想探索关于 Docker 的各种问题和答案，你可以查看 * Docker Questions and Answers* 。

If you want to explore a variety of questions and answers on Docker, you can check out Docker Questions and Answers.