Ethical Hacking 简明教程

Ethical Hacking - Tools

在本章中，我们将简单探讨一些广泛用于防止黑客攻击和未经授权访问计算机或网络系统的著名工具。

NMAP

Nmap 代表网络映射器。它是一款开源工具，广泛用于网络发现和安全审核。Nmap 最初设计用于扫描大型网络，但它也可以同样很好地扫描单个主机。网络管理员还发现它对诸如网络清单、管理服务升级计划和监控主机或服务正常运行时间之类的任务很有用。

Nmap uses raw IP packets to determine −

  1. what hosts are available on the network,

  2. what services those hosts are offering,

  3. what operating systems they are running on,

  4. what type of firewalls are in use, and other such characteristics.

Nmap runs on all major computer operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

Metasploit

Metasploit is one of the most powerful exploit tools. It’s a product of Rapid7 and most of its resources can be found at: www.metasploit.com. It comes in two versions − commercial and free edition. Matasploit can be used with command prompt or with Web UI.

With Metasploit, you can perform the following operations −

  1. Conduct basic penetration tests on small networks

  2. Run spot checks on the exploitability of vulnerabilities

  3. Discover the network or import scan data

  4. Browse exploit modules and run individual exploits on hosts

Burp Suit

Burp Suite is a popular platform that is widely used for performing security testing of web applications. It has various tools that work in collaboration to support the entire testing process, from initial mapping and analysis of an application’s attack surface, through to finding and exploiting security vulnerabilities.

Burp is easy to use and provides the administrators full control to combine advanced manual techniques with automation for efficient testing. Burp can be easily configured and it contains features to assist even the most experienced testers with their work.

Angry IP Scanner

Angry IP scanner is a lightweight, cross-platform IP address and port scanner. It can scan IP addresses in any range. It can be freely copied and used anywhere. In order to increase the scanning speed, it uses multithreaded approach, wherein a separate scanning thread is created for each scanned IP address.

Angry IP Scanner simply pings each IP address to check if it’s alive, and then, it resolves its hostname, determines the MAC address, scans ports, etc. The amount of gathered data about each host can be saved to TXT, XML, CSV, or IP-Port list files. With help of plugins, Angry IP Scanner can gather any information about scanned IPs.

Cain & Abel

Cain & Abel is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Operating Systems. It helps in easy recovery of various kinds of passwords by employing any of the following methods −

  1. sniffing the network,

  2. cracking encrypted passwords using Dictionary, Brute-Force and Cryptanalysis attacks,

  3. recording VoIP conversations,

  4. decoding scrambled passwords,

  5. recovering wireless network keys,

  6. revealing password boxes,

  7. uncovering cached passwords and analyzing routing protocols.

Cain & Abel 是一款非常实用的工具，适用于以下人群：安全顾问、专业渗透测试人员及打算出于道德原因使用该工具的人士。

Ettercap

Ettercap 的全称是 Ethernet Capture，它是一款用于针对中间人攻击的网络安全工具。它的功能包括嗅探活动连接、实时内容过滤以及其他许多有趣的小技巧。Ettercap 内置了网络和主机分析功能。它支持以主动和被动方式解析许多协议。

你可以在所有流行的操作系统（例如 Windows、Linux 及 Mac OS X）上运行 Ettercap。

EtherPeek

EtherPeek 是一款非常棒的工具，它可以在多协议异构网络环境中简化网络分析。EtherPeek 是一款体积小巧（不足 2 MB）的工具，可以轻松地在数分钟内完成安装。

EtherPeek 会主动嗅探网络上的流量数据包。在默认情况下，EtherPeek 支持以下协议：AppleTalk、IP、IP 地址解析协议 (ARP)、NetWare、TCP、UDP、NetBEUI 及 NBT 数据包。

SuperScan

SuperScan 是一款非常强大的工具，网络管理员可以利用它来扫描 TCP 端口并解析主机名。它具有一个用户友好界面，可以用来：

  1. 使用任何 IP 范围执行 ping 扫描和端口扫描。

  2. 从内置列表或任何给定范围中扫描任何端口范围。

  3. 查看已连接主机的响应。

  4. 使用内置编辑器修改端口列表和端口说明。

  5. 合并端口列表以构建新列表。

  6. 连接至任何已发现的开放端口。

  7. 将自定义帮助程序应用程序分配给任何端口。

QualysGuard

QualysGuard 包含了一套工具，可简化安全操作并降低合规成本。它可以按需提供重要的安全情报，并针对 IT 系统和 Web 应用程序自动执行审计、合规性和保护的全方位服务。

QualysGuard 包含了一组可监控、检测和保护你的全球网络的工具。

WebInspect

WebInspect 是一款 Web 应用程序安全评估工具，它用于识别 Web 应用程序层中已知和未知的漏洞。

它还可以帮助检查 Web 服务器是否配置正确，并尝试进行常见的 Web 攻击，例如参数注入、跨站点脚本编写、目录遍历等。

LC4

LC4 之前称为 L0phtCrack 。它是一款密码审核与恢复应用程序。它用于测试密码强度和恢复丢失的 Microsoft Windows 密码（有时会使用字典、暴力破解和混合攻击）。

LC4 会恢复 Windows 用户帐户密码，以簡化将用户迁移到另一个身份验证系统或访问密码丢失的帐户。

LANguard Network Security Scanner

LANguard Network Scanner monitors a network by scanning connected machines and providing information about each node. You can obtain information about each individual operating system.

It can also detect registry issues and have a report set up in HTML format. For each computer, you can list the netbios name table, current logged-on user, and Mac address.

Network Stumbler

Network stumbler is a WiFi scanner and monitoring tool for Windows. It allows network professionals to detect WLANs. It is widely used by networking enthusiasts and hackers because it helps you find non-broadcasting wireless networks.

Network Stumbler can be used to verify if a network is well configured, its signal strength or coverage, and detect interference between one or more wireless networks. It can also be used to non-authorized connections.

ToneLoc

ToneLoc stands for Tone Locator. It was a popular war dialling computer program written for MS-DOS in the early 90’s. War dialling is a technique of using a modem to automatically scan a list of telephone numbers, usually dialling every number in a local area code.

Malicious hackers use the resulting lists in breaching computer security - for guessing user accounts, or locating modems that might provide an entry-point into computer or other electronic systems.

It can be used by security personnel to detect unauthorized devices on a company’s telephone network.