Javafx 简明教程

JavaFX - Material Property

到目前为止，当我们讨论 JavaFX 形状对象的属性时，它一直只包括形状填充的颜色和形状描边的类型。然而，JavaFX 还允许为 3D 形状指定材料的类型。

3D 物体的材质就是用来创建 3D 物体的纹理类型。例如，现实世界中的盒子可以用不同的材质制成；例如纸板、金属、木材或任何其他固体。所有这些都形成相同的形状，但材质不同。同样，JavaFX 允许您选择用来创建 3D 物体的材质类型。

Material Property

材质属性的类型为 Material ，用于选择 3D 形状材质表面。您可以使用以下方法设置 3D 形状的材质 setMaterial() −

cylinder.setMaterial(material);

如上述此方法所述，您需要传递类型为材料的对象。包 javafx.scene.paint 的 PhongMaterial 类是此类的子类，并提供 7 个表示 Phong 着色材质的属性。您可以使用这些属性的 setter 方法将所有这些类型的材质应用于 3D 形状的表面。

以下是 JavaFX 中提供的材质类型 −

  1. bumpMap − 这表示存储为 RGB 图像的法线贴图。

  2. diffuseMap − 这表示漫反射贴图。

  3. selfIlluminationMap − 这表示此 PhongMaterial 的自发光贴图。

  4. specularMap − 这表示此 PhongMaterial 的镜面贴图。

  5. diffuseColor − 这表示此 PhongMaterial 的漫反射颜色。

  6. specularColor − 这表示此 PhongMaterial 的镜面颜色。

  7. specularPower − 这表示此 PhongMaterial 的镜面强度。

默认情况下，3D 形状的材质是漫射颜色为浅灰色的 PhongMaterial。

Example

以下是一个示例，它显示圆柱上各种材质。将此代码保存在名为 CylinderMaterials.java 的文件中。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.PerspectiveCamera;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.paint.PhongMaterial;
import javafx.scene.shape.Cylinder;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class CylinderMaterials extends Application {
   @Override
   public void start(Stage stage) {
      //Drawing Cylinder1
      Cylinder cylinder1 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder1.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder1.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder1.setTranslateX(100);
      cylinder1.setTranslateY(75);

      //Preparing the phong material of type bump map
      PhongMaterial material1 = new PhongMaterial();
      material1.setBumpMap(new Image
         ("http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/tplogo.gif"));

      //Setting the bump map material to Cylinder1
      cylinder1.setMaterial(material1);

      //Drawing Cylinder2
      Cylinder cylinder2 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder2.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder2.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder2.setTranslateX(200);
      cylinder2.setTranslateY(75);

      //Preparing the phong material of type diffuse map
      PhongMaterial material2 = new PhongMaterial();
      material2.setDiffuseMap(new Image
         ("http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/tp-logo.gif"));

      //Setting the diffuse map material to Cylinder2
      cylinder2.setMaterial(material2);

      //Drawing Cylinder3
      Cylinder cylinder3 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder3.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder3.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder3.setTranslateX(300);
      cylinder3.setTranslateY(75);

      //Preparing the phong material of type Self Illumination Map
      PhongMaterial material3 = new PhongMaterial();
      material3.setSelfIlluminationMap(new Image
         ("http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/tp-logo.gif"));

      //Setting the Self Illumination Map material to Cylinder3
      cylinder3.setMaterial(material3);

      //Drawing Cylinder4
      Cylinder cylinder4 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder4.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder4.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder4.setTranslateX(400);
      cylinder4.setTranslateY(75);

      //Preparing the phong material of type Specular Map
      PhongMaterial material4 = new PhongMaterial();
      material4.setSpecularMap(new Image
         ("http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/tp-logo.gif"));

      //Setting the Specular Map material to Cylinder4
      cylinder4.setMaterial(material4);

      //Drawing Cylinder5
      Cylinder cylinder5 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder5.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder5.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder5.setTranslateX(100);
      cylinder5.setTranslateY(300);

      //Preparing the phong material of type diffuse color
      PhongMaterial material5 = new PhongMaterial();
      material5.setDiffuseColor(Color.BLANCHEDALMOND);

      //Setting the diffuse color material to Cylinder5
      cylinder5.setMaterial(material5);

      //Drawing Cylinder6
      Cylinder cylinder6 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder6.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder6.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder6.setTranslateX(200);
      cylinder6.setTranslateY(300);

      //Preparing the phong material of type specular color
      PhongMaterial material6 = new PhongMaterial();

      //setting the specular color map to the material
      material6.setSpecularColor(Color.BLANCHEDALMOND);

      //Setting the specular color material to Cylinder6
      cylinder6.setMaterial(material6);

      //Drawing Cylinder7
      Cylinder cylinder7 = new Cylinder();

      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder
      cylinder7.setHeight(130.0f);
      cylinder7.setRadius(30.0f);

      //Setting the position of the Cylinder
      cylinder7.setTranslateX(300);
      cylinder7.setTranslateY(300);

      //Preparing the phong material of type Specular Power
      PhongMaterial material7 = new PhongMaterial();
      material7.setSpecularPower(0.1);

      //Setting the Specular Power material to the Cylinder
      cylinder7.setMaterial(material7);

      //Creating a Group object
      Group root = new Group(cylinder1 ,cylinder2, cylinder3,
      cylinder4, cylinder5, cylinder6, cylinder7);

      //Creating a scene object
      Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 400);

      //Setting camera
      PerspectiveCamera camera = new PerspectiveCamera(false);
      camera.setTranslateX(0);
      camera.setTranslateY(0);
      camera.setTranslateZ(-10);
      scene.setCamera(camera);

      //Setting title to the Stage
      stage.setTitle("Drawing a cylinder");

      //Adding scene to the stage
      stage.setScene(scene);

      //Displaying the contents of the stage
      stage.show();
   }
   public static void main(String args[]){
      launch(args);
   }
}

使用以下命令，从命令提示符编译并执行已保存的 java 文件。

javac --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules javafx.controls CylinderMaterials.java
java --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules javafx.controls CylinderMaterials

在执行时，上述程序将生成一个 JavaFX 窗口，其中显示 7 个带有材质、凹凸贴图、漫反射贴图、自发光贴图、镜面贴图、漫反射颜色、镜面颜色、（杏仁白）镜面强度，分别如以下屏幕截图所示 −

cylinder material