Spring Boot 简明教程
Spring Boot - Hystrix
Hystrix 是 Netflix 的一个库。Hystrix 可隔离服务之间的接入点,阻止级联故障,并提供后备选项。
例如,当您调用第三方应用程序时,它需要更多时间来发送响应。因此,那时,控件就会进入后备方法,并向您的应用程序返回自定义响应。
在本章中,您将看到如何在 Spring Boot 应用程序中实现 Hystrix。
首先,我们需要在我们的构建配置文件中添加 Spring Cloud Starter Hystrix 依赖关系。
Maven 用户可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖关系 −
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
Gradle 用户可以在 build.gradle 文件中添加下列依赖 -
compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix')
现在,在您的主 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件中添加 @EnableHystrix 注解。@EnableHystrix 注解用于在 Spring Boot 应用程序中启用 Hystrix 功能。
主要 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件代码如下所示:
package com.tutorialspoint.hystrixapp;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
public class HystrixappApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args);
}
}
现在,编写一个简单的 Rest Controller,以便在从请求时间开始的 3 秒后返回字符串。
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
现在,为 Rest API 添加 @HystrixCommand 和 @HystrixProperty,并以毫秒值为单位定义超时时间。
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
接下来,如果请求响应时间较长,则定义后备方法 fallback_hello()。
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
下面显示了包含 REST API 和 Hystrix 属性的完整 Rest Controller 类文件 −
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
在此示例中,REST API 本身以主 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件编写。
package com.tutorialspoint.hystrixapp;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
@RestController
public class HystrixappApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
}
完整的构建配置文件如下所示。
Maven – pom.xml file
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
<artifactId>hystrixapp</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hystrixapp</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Edgware.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle – build.gradle
buildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
group = 'com.tutorialspoint'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
ext {
springCloudVersion = 'Edgware.RELEASE'
}
dependencies {
compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"
}
}
您可以创建一个可执行 JAR 文件并使用以下 Maven 或 Gradle 命令运行 Spring Boot 应用程序 -
对于 Maven,使用命令,如所示 −
mvn clean install
“BUILD SUCCESS”之后,您可以在目标目录中找到 JAR 文件。
对于 Gradle,使用命令,如所示 −
gradle clean build
“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之后,您可以在 build/libs 目录中找到 JAR 文件。
现在,运行 JAR 文件,使用如下所示命令 −
java –jar <JARFILE>
这将启动 8080 端口上的应用程序,如下所示 −
现在,从 Web 浏览器点击网址 http://localhost:8080/ ,然后查看 Hystrix 响应。API 响应时间为 3 秒,但 Hystrix 超时时间为 1 秒。