Spring Boot 简明教程
Spring Boot - Securing Web Applications
如果在类路径上添加了 Spring Boot Security 依赖项,Spring Boot 应用程序会自动为所有 HTTP 端点要求基本身份验证。端点 “/” 和 “/home” 不需要任何身份验证。所有其他端点都需要身份验证。
要在您的 Spring Boot 应用程序中添加 Spring Boot Security,我们需要在我们的构建配置文件中添加 Spring Boot Starter Security 依赖项。
Maven 用户可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
Gradle 用户可以在 build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security")
Securing a Web application
首先,使用 Thymeleaf 模板创建一个不安全的 Web 应用程序。
然后,在 src/main/resources/templates 目录下创建一个 home.html 文件。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec = "http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
<title>Spring Security Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<p>Click <a th:href = "@{/hello}">here</a> to see a greeting.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML 文件中定义的简单视图 /hello 使用了 Thymeleaf 模板。
现在,在 src/main/resources/templates 下创建一个 hello.html。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec = "http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
</body>
</html>
现在,我们需要为 home 和 hello 视图设置 Spring MVC - 视图控制器。
对此,创建一个扩展了 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 的 MVC 配置文件。
package com.tutorialspoint.websecuritydemo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@Configuration
public class MvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/home").setViewName("home");
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("home");
registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("hello");
registry.addViewController("/login").setViewName("login");
}
}
现在,将 Spring Boot 启动器安全依赖项添加到您的构建配置文件。
Maven 用户可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
Gradle 用户可以在 build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security")
现在,创建一个 Web 安全配置文件,用于通过基本认证来保护您的应用程序访问 HTTP 端点。
package com.tutorialspoint.websecuritydemo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/", "/home").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginPage("/login")
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll();
}
@Autowired
public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth
.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("user").password("password").roles("USER");
}
}
现在,在 src/main/resources 目录下创建一个 login.html 文件,以允许用户通过登录屏幕访问 HTTP 端点。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec = "http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
<title>Spring Security Example </title>
</head>
<body>
<div th:if = "${param.error}">
Invalid username and password.
</div>
<div th:if = "${param.logout}">
You have been logged out.
</div>
<form th:action = "@{/login}" method = "post">
<div>
<label> User Name : <input type = "text" name = "username"/> </label>
</div>
<div>
<label> Password: <input type = "password" name = "password"/> </label>
</div>
<div>
<input type = "submit" value = "Sign In"/>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
最后,更新 hello.html 文件 - 允许用户退出应用程序并显示当前用户名,如下所示:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec = "http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:inline = "text">Hello [[${#httpServletRequest.remoteUser}]]!</h1>
<form th:action = "@{/logout}" method = "post">
<input type = "submit" value = "Sign Out"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
主 Spring Boot 应用程序的代码如下:
package com.tutorialspoint.websecuritydemo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class WebsecurityDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(WebsecurityDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
完整的构建配置文件代码如下。
Maven – pom.xml
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
<artifactId>websecurity-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>websecurity-demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle – build.gradle
buildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
group = 'com.tutorialspoint'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
testCompile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-test')
}
现在,创建一个可执行 JAR 文件,并使用以下 Maven 或 Gradle 命令运行 Spring Boot 应用程序。
Maven 用户可以使用如下所示的命令:
mvn clean install
在“构建成功”后,您可以在 target 目录下找到 JAR 文件。
Gradle 用户可以使用如下所示的命令:
gradle clean build
“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之后,您可以在 build/libs 目录中找到 JAR 文件。
现在,使用如下所示的命令运行 JAR 文件:
java –jar <JARFILE>
在您的 Web 浏览器中输入 URL http://localhost:8080/ 。您可以看到如图所示的输出。