Java 简明教程
Java - Sending Email
使用 Java 应用程序发送电子邮件非常简单,但首先应在计算机上安装 JavaMail API 和 Java Activation Framework (JAF)。
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你可以从 Java 标准网站下载 JavaMail (Version 1.2) 的最新版本。
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你可以从 Java 标准网站下载 JAF (Version 1.1.1) 的最新版本。
下载并解压缩这些文件,在新建的顶层目录中,你可以找到这两个应用程序的多个 jar 文件。你需要在你的 CLASSPATH 中添加 mail.jar 和 activation.jar 文件。
Send a Simple E-mail
这里是一个用来从你的机器发送一封简单邮件的示例。假定你的 localhost 已连接至互联网且有能力发送电子邮件。
Example
// File Name SendEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Now set the actual message
message.setText("This is actual message");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Output
编译并运行此程序来发送一封简单电子邮件 −
$ java SendEmail
Sent message successfully....
如果你想发送电子邮件给多个收件人,那么可以使用以下的方法来指定多个电子邮件 ID −
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses)
throws MessagingException
以下是参数说明 −
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type − 这将设置为 TO(收件人)、CC(抄送)或 BCC(密送)。此处的 CC 表示抄送,BCC 表示密送。示例:Message.RecipientType.TO
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addresses − 这是一组电子邮件 ID。在你指定电子邮件 ID 时需要使用 InternetAddress() 方法。
Send an HTML E-mail
这里是一个用来从你的机器发送 HTML 电子邮件的示例。此示例假定你的 localhost 已连接到互联网并且能够发送电子邮件。
这个示例与之前的示例非常相似,不同之处在于,这里我们使用 setContent() 方法来设置内容,其第二个参数是“text/html”,指定该消息中包含 HTML 内容。
使用这个示例,你可以发送任意长度的 HTML 内容。
Example
// File Name SendHTMLEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendHTMLEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序来发送一封 HTML 电子邮件 −
Send Attachment in E-mail
这里是一个用来从你的机器发送带有附件的电子邮件的示例。此示例假定你的 localhost 已连接到互联网且有能力发送电子邮件。
Example
// File Name SendFileEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendFileEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Create the message part
BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// Fill the message
messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
// Create a multipar message
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
// Set text message part
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Part two is attachment
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = "file.txt";
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Send the complete message parts
message.setContent(multipart );
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序来发送一封 HTML 电子邮件 −