Mongodb 简明教程

{
   _id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c)
   title: 'MongoDB Overview',
   description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
   by: 'tutorials point',
   url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
   tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
   likes: 100,
   comments: [
      {
         user:'user1',
         message: 'My first comment',
         dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,20,2,15),
         like: 0
      },
      {
         user:'user2',
         message: 'My second comments',
         dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,25,7,45),
         like: 5
      }
   ]
}

C:\>wmic os get osarchitecture
OSArchitecture
64-bit
C:\>

C:\>move mongodb-win64-* mongodb
   1 dir(s) moved.
C:\>

C:\>md data
C:\md data\db

C:\Users\XYZ>d:
D:\>cd "set up"
D:\set up>cd mongodb
D:\set up\mongodb>cd bin
D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongod.exe --dbpath "d:\set up\mongodb\data"

D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6
connecting to: test
>db.test.save( { a: 1 } )
>db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5879b0f65a56a454), "a" : 1 }
>

D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongod.exe --dbpath "d:\set up\mongodb\data"
D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongo.exe

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10

echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen'
   | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list

sudo apt-get update

apt-get install mongodb-10gen = 2.2.3

sudo service mongodb start

sudo service mongodb stop

sudo service mongodb restart

mongo

{
   _id: POST_ID
   title: TITLE_OF_POST,
   description: POST_DESCRIPTION,
   by: POST_BY,
   url: URL_OF_POST,
   tags: [TAG1, TAG2, TAG3],
   likes: TOTAL_LIKES,
   comments: [
      {
         user:'COMMENT_BY',
         message: TEXT,
         dateCreated: DATE_TIME,
         like: LIKES
      },
      {
         user:'COMMENT_BY',
         message: TEXT,
         dateCreated: DATE_TIME,
         like: LIKES
      }
   ]
}

>db.mycol.find().pretty()
{
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview",
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}
>

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.remove(DELETION_CRITERIA,1)

>db.mycol.remove({})
>db.mycol.find()
>

mongod --port "PORT" --dbpath "YOUR_DB_DATA_PATH" --replSet "REPLICA_SET_INSTANCE_NAME"

D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongostat

D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongotop

D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongotop 30

import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class ConnectToDB {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
      System.out.println("Credentials ::"+ credential);
   }
}

$javac ConnectToDB.java
$java ConnectToDB

Connected to the database successfully
Credentials ::MongoCredential{
   mechanism = null,
   userName = 'sampleUser',
   source = 'myDb',
   password = <hidden>,
   mechanismProperties = {}
}

import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class CreatingCollection {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      //Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      //Creating a collection
      database.createCollection("sampleCollection");
      System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
   }
}

Connected to the database successfully
Collection created successfully

import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class selectingCollection {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      // Creating a collection
      System.out.println("Collection created successfully");

      // Retieving a collection
      MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("myCollection");
      System.out.println("Collection myCollection selected successfully");
   }
}

Connected to the database successfully
Collection created successfully
Collection myCollection selected successfully

import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class InsertingDocument {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      // Retrieving a collection
      MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
      System.out.println("Collection sampleCollection selected successfully");

      Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
      .append("id", 1)
      .append("description", "database")
      .append("likes", 100)
      .append("url", "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/")
      .append("by", "tutorials point");
      collection.insertOne(document);
      System.out.println("Document inserted successfully");
   }
}

Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Document inserted successfully

import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class RetrievingAllDocuments {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      // Retrieving a collection
      MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
      System.out.println("Collection sampleCollection selected successfully");

      // Getting the iterable object
      FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
      int i = 1;

      // Getting the iterator
      Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();

      while (it.hasNext()) {
         System.out.println(it.next());
      i++;
      }
   }
}

Document{{
   _id = 5967745223993a32646baab8,
   title = MongoDB,
   id = 1,
   description = database,
   likes = 100,
   url = http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/, by = tutorials point
}}
Document{{
   _id = 7452239959673a32646baab8,
   title = RethinkDB,
   id = 2,
   description = database,
   likes = 200,
   url = http://www.tutorialspoint.com/rethinkdb/, by = tutorials point
}}

import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Updates;

import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class UpdatingDocuments {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      // Retrieving a collection
      MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
      System.out.println("Collection myCollection selected successfully");

      collection.updateOne(Filters.eq("id", 1), Updates.set("likes", 150));
      System.out.println("Document update successfully...");

      // Retrieving the documents after updation
      // Getting the iterable object
      FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
      int i = 1;

      // Getting the iterator
      Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();

      while (it.hasNext()) {
         System.out.println(it.next());
         i++;
      }
   }
}

Document update successfully...
Document {{
   _id = 5967745223993a32646baab8,
   title = MongoDB,
   id = 1,
   description = database,
   likes = 150,
   url = http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/, by = tutorials point
}}

import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;

import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class DeletingDocuments {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      // Retrieving a collection
      MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
      System.out.println("Collection sampleCollection selected successfully");

      // Deleting the documents
      collection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("id", 1));
      System.out.println("Document deleted successfully...");

      // Retrieving the documents after updation
      // Getting the iterable object
      FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
      int i = 1;

      // Getting the iterator
      Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();

      while (it.hasNext()) {
         System.out.println("Inserted Document: "+i);
         System.out.println(it.next());
         i++;
      }
   }
}

Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Document deleted successfully...

import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class DropingCollection {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());
      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");

      // Creating a collection
      System.out.println("Collections created successfully");

      // Retieving a collection
      MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");

      // Dropping a Collection
      collection.drop();
      System.out.println("Collection dropped successfully");
   }
}

Connected to the database successfully
Collection sampleCollection selected successfully
Collection dropped successfully

import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

public class ListOfCollection {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {

      // Creating a Mongo client
      MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );

      // Creating Credentials
      MongoCredential credential;
      credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
         "password".toCharArray());

      System.out.println("Connected to the database successfully");

      // Accessing the database
      MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
      System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
      for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
         System.out.println(name);
      }
   }
}

Connected to the database successfully
Collection created successfully
myCollection
myCollection1
myCollection5

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();

   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;

   echo "Database mydb selected";
?>

Connection to database successfully
Database mydb selected

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";

   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->createCollection("mycol");
   echo "Collection created succsessfully";
?>

Connection to database successfully
Database mydb selected
Collection created succsessfully

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";

   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   $document = array(
      "title" => "MongoDB",
      "description" => "database",
      "likes" => 100,
      "url" => "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/",
      "by" => "tutorials point"
   );

   $collection->insert($document);
   echo "Document inserted successfully";
?>

Connection to database successfully
Database mydb selected
Collection selected succsessfully
Document inserted successfully

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";

   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   $cursor = $collection->find();
   // iterate cursor to display title of documents

   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

Connection to database successfully
Database mydb selected
Collection selected succsessfully {
   "title": "MongoDB"
}

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";

   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   // now update the document
   $collection->update(array("title"=>"MongoDB"),
      array('$set'=>array("title"=>"MongoDB Tutorial")));
   echo "Document updated successfully";

   // now display the updated document
   $cursor = $collection->find();

   // iterate cursor to display title of documents
   echo "Updated document";

   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

Connection to database successfully
Database mydb selected
Collection selected succsessfully
Document updated successfully
Updated document {
   "title": "MongoDB Tutorial"
}

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";

   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   // now remove the document
   $collection->remove(array("title"=>"MongoDB Tutorial"),false);
   echo "Documents deleted successfully";

   // now display the available documents
   $cursor = $collection->find();

   // iterate cursor to display title of documents
   echo "Updated document";

   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

Connection to database successfully
Database mydb selected
Collection selected succsessfully
Documents deleted successfully

{
   "_id":ObjectId("52ffc33cd85242f436000001"),
   "contact": "987654321",
   "dob": "01-01-1991",
   "name": "Tom Benzamin",
   "address": [
      {
         "building": "22 A, Indiana Apt",
         "pincode": 123456,
         "city": "Los Angeles",
         "state": "California"
      },
      {
         "building": "170 A, Acropolis Apt",
         "pincode": 456789,
         "city": "Chicago",
         "state": "Illinois"
      }
   ]
}

>db.users.findOne({"name":"Tom Benzamin"},{"address":1})

{
   "_id":ObjectId("52ffc33cd85242f436000001"),
   "contact": "987654321",
   "dob": "01-01-1991",
   "name": "Tom Benzamin",
   "address_ids": [
      ObjectId("52ffc4a5d85242602e000000"),
      ObjectId("52ffc4a5d85242602e000001")
   ]
}

>var result = db.users.findOne({"name":"Tom Benzamin"},{"address_ids":1})
>var addresses = db.address.find({"_id":{"$in":result["address_ids"]}})

{
   "_id":ObjectId("53402597d852426020000002"),
   "address": {
   "$ref": "address_home",
   "$id": ObjectId("534009e4d852427820000002"),
   "$db": "tutorialspoint"},
   "contact": "987654321",
   "dob": "01-01-1991",
   "name": "Tom Benzamin"
}

>var user = db.users.findOne({"name":"Tom Benzamin"})
>var dbRef = user.address
>db[dbRef.$ref].findOne({"_id":(dbRef.$id)})

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("534009e4d852427820000002"),
   "building" : "22 A, Indiana Apt",
   "pincode" : 123456,
   "city" : "Los Angeles",
   "state" : "California"
}

{
   "_id": ObjectId("53402597d852426020000002"),
   "contact": "987654321",
   "dob": "01-01-1991",
   "gender": "M",
   "name": "Tom Benzamin",
   "user_name": "tombenzamin"
}

>db.users.ensureIndex({gender:1,user_name:1})

>db.users.find({gender:"M"},{user_name:1,_id:0})

>db.users.find({gender:"M"},{user_name:1})

>db.users.ensureIndex({gender:1,user_name:1})

>db.users.find({gender:"M"},{user_name:1,_id:0}).explain()

{
   "cursor" : "BtreeCursor gender_1_user_name_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "n" : 1,
   "nscannedObjects" : 0,
   "nscanned" : 1,
   "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 0,
   "nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
   "scanAndOrder" : false,
   "indexOnly" : true,
   "nYields" : 0,
   "nChunkSkips" : 0,
   "millis" : 0,
   "indexBounds" : {
      "gender" : [
         [
            "M",
            "M"
         ]
      ],
      "user_name" : [
         [
            {
               "$minElement" : 1
            },
            {
               "$maxElement" : 1
            }
         ]
      ]
   }
}

>db.users.find({gender:"M"},{user_name:1,_id:0}).hint({gender:1,user_name:1})

>db.users.find({gender:"M"},{user_name:1,_id:0}).hint({gender:1,user_name:1}).explain()

{
   "_id":1,
   "product_name": "Samsung S3",
   "category": "mobiles",
   "product_total": 5,
   "product_available": 3,
   "product_bought_by": [
      {
         "customer": "john",
         "date": "7-Jan-2014"
      },
      {
         "customer": "mark",
         "date": "8-Jan-2014"
      }
   ]
}

>db.products.findAndModify({
   query:{_id:2,product_available:{$gt:0}},
   update:{
      $inc:{product_available:-1},
      $push:{product_bought_by:{customer:"rob",date:"9-Jan-2014"}}
   }
})

>db.users.ensureIndex({"tags":1})

>db.users.find({tags:"cricket"})

>db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).explain()

>db.users.ensureIndex({"address.city":1,"address.state":1,"address.pincode":1})

>db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles"})

>db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles","address.state":"California"})

>db.users.find({"address.city":"LosAngeles","address.state":"California",
   "address.pincode":"123"})

>newObjectId = ObjectId()

ObjectId("5349b4ddd2781d08c09890f3")

>myObjectId = ObjectId("5349b4ddd2781d08c09890f4")

>ObjectId("5349b4ddd2781d08c09890f4").getTimestamp()

ISODate("2014-04-12T21:49:17Z")

>newObjectId.str

5349b4ddd2781d08c09890f3

>db.collection.mapReduce(
   function() {emit(key,value);},  //map function
   function(key,values) {return reduceFunction}, {   //reduce function
      out: collection,
      query: document,
      sort: document,
      limit: number
   }
)

{
   "post_text": "tutorialspoint is an awesome website for tutorials",
   "user_name": "mark",
   "status":"active"
}

>db.posts.mapReduce(
   function() { emit(this.user_id,1); },

   function(key, values) {return Array.sum(values)}, {
      query:{status:"active"},
      out:"post_total"
   }
)

{
   "result" : "post_total",
   "timeMillis" : 9,
   "counts" : {
      "input" : 4,
      "emit" : 4,
      "reduce" : 2,
      "output" : 2
   },
   "ok" : 1,
}

>db.posts.mapReduce(
   function() { emit(this.user_id,1); },
   function(key, values) {return Array.sum(values)}, {
      query:{status:"active"},
      out:"post_total"
   }

).find()

{ "_id" : "tom", "value" : 2 }
{ "_id" : "mark", "value" : 2 }

>db.adminCommand({setParameter:true,textSearchEnabled:true})

{
   "post_text": "enjoy the mongodb articles on tutorialspoint",
   "tags": [
      "mongodb",
      "tutorialspoint"
   ]
}

>db.posts.ensureIndex({post_text:"text"})

>db.posts.find({$text:{$search:"tutorialspoint"}})

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("53493d14d852429c10000002"),
   "post_text" : "enjoy the mongodb articles on tutorialspoint",
   "tags" : [ "mongodb", "tutorialspoint" ]
}
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("53493d1fd852429c10000003"),
   "post_text" : "writing tutorials on mongodb",
   "tags" : [ "mongodb", "tutorial" ]
}

>db.posts.runCommand("text",{search:" tutorialspoint "})

>db.posts.getIndexes()

>db.posts.dropIndex("post_text_text")

>db.posts.find({post_text:{$regex:"tutorialspoint"}})

>db.posts.find({post_text:/tutorialspoint/})

>db.posts.find({post_text:{$regex:"tutorialspoint",$options:"$i"}})

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("53493d37d852429c10000004"),
   "post_text" : "hey! this is my post on TutorialsPoint",
   "tags" : [ "tutorialspoint" ]
}

>db.posts.find({tags:{$regex:"tutorial"}})

>mongofiles.exe -d gridfs put song.mp3

>db.fs.files.find()

{
   _id: ObjectId('534a811bf8b4aa4d33fdf94d'),
   filename: "song.mp3",
   chunkSize: 261120,
   uploadDate: new Date(1397391643474), md5: "e4f53379c909f7bed2e9d631e15c1c41",
   length: 10401959
}

>db.fs.chunks.find({files_id:ObjectId('534a811bf8b4aa4d33fdf94d')})

>db.createCollection("cappedLogCollection",{capped:true,size:10000})

>db.createCollection("cappedLogCollection",{capped:true,size:10000,max:1000})

>db.cappedLogCollection.isCapped()

>db.runCommand({"convertToCapped":"posts",size:10000})

>db.cappedLogCollection.find().sort({$natural:-1})

{
  "_id":1,
  "product_name": "Apple iPhone",
  "category": "mobiles"
}

>db.createCollection("counters")

{
  "_id":"productid",
  "sequence_value": 0
}

>db.counters.insert({_id:"productid",sequence_value:0})

>function getNextSequenceValue(sequenceName){

   var sequenceDocument = db.counters.findAndModify({
      query:{_id: sequenceName },
      update: {$inc:{sequence_value:1}},
      new:true
   });

   return sequenceDocument.sequence_value;
}

>db.products.insert({
   "_id":getNextSequenceValue("productid"),
   "product_name":"Apple iPhone",
   "category":"mobiles"
})

>db.products.insert({
   "_id":getNextSequenceValue("productid"),
   "product_name":"Samsung S3",
   "category":"mobiles"
})

>db.products.find()

{ "_id" : 1, "product_name" : "Apple iPhone", "category" : "mobiles"}

{ "_id" : 2, "product_name" : "Samsung S3", "category" : "mobiles" }