Bootstrap 简明教程
Bootstrap - Alerts
本章讨论 Bootstrap 提醒。提醒消息通常是向用户显示的突出消息，其中需要用户进行操作，例如警告、错误、信息或确认消息。
通过使用情境类（例如 .alert-success, .alert-warning, .alert-info 等）扩展 .alert 基本类，您可以使用 Bootstrap 快速、简单地构建各种原因的吸引力提醒消息。若要取消任何提醒，您还可以包括可选的关闭按钮。
Simple Alerts
Bootstrap 共提供 8 种不同的提醒类型。以下示例演示了最典型的提醒，例如成功、错误或危险、警告和信息提醒等。
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Examples of alert messages</h4>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
It is a primary alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-secondary" role="alert">
It is a secondary alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
It is a success alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
It is a danger alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
It is a warning alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
It is an info alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-light" role="alert">
It is a light alert box!
</div>
<div class="alert alert-dark" role="alert">
It is a dark alert box!
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>Live alert example
您可以在网页上添加实时提醒消息。要实现此目标，请参阅以下给出的示例：
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Live alert</h4>
<div class="alert alert-primary alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<div id="liveAlertPlaceholder"></div>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveAlertBtn">Show live alert</button>
</div>
</div>
<script>
const alertPlaceholder = document.getElementById('liveAlertPlaceholder')
const appendAlert = (message, type) => {
const wrapper = document.createElement('div')
wrapper.innerHTML = [
`<div class="alert alert-${type} alert-dismissible" role="alert">`,
` <div>${message}</div>`,
' <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>',
'</div>'
].join('')
alertPlaceholder.append(wrapper)
}
const alertTrigger = document.getElementById('liveAlertBtn')
if (alertTrigger) {
alertTrigger.addEventListener('click', () => {
appendAlert('Amazing, this is a live alert message!', 'success')
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>以下 Javascript 用于触发实时提醒演示：
const alertPlaceholder = document.getElementById('liveAlertPlaceholder')
const appendAlert = (message, type) => {
const wrapper = document.createElement('div')
wrapper.innerHTML = [
``,
` ${message}`,
' ',
''
].join('')
alertPlaceholder.append(wrapper)
}
const alertTrigger = document.getElementById('liveAlertBtn')
if (alertTrigger) {
alertTrigger.addEventListener('click', () => {
appendAlert('Amazing, this is a live alert message!', 'success')
})
}Link Color
实用工具类 .alert-link 可用于任何提醒消息，以即时生成匹配颜色的链接，如下例所示。
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Alert messages with links</h4>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
It is a primary alert with <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_alerts.htm" class="alert-link">tutorialspoint.com</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-secondary" role="alert">
It is a secondary alert with <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_alerts.htm" class="alert-link">tutorialspoint.com</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
It is a success alert with <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_alerts.htm" class="alert-link">tutorialspoint.com</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
It is a danger alert with <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_alerts.htm" class="alert-link">tutorialspoint.com</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
It is a warning alert with <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_alerts.htm" class="alert-link">tutorialspoint.com</a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>Additional content
提醒中还可以包含其他 HTML 元素，例如标题、段落和分隔符。以下示例对此进行了说明。
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Alert messages with additional content</h4>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
<h4 class="alert-heading">Congratulations! Sending my best wishes.</h4>
<p>Congratulations on your graduation! Sending you our best wishes for a happy and successful future.</p>
<hr>
<p class="mb-0">What could be better than something sweet to celebrate an accomplishment!!!</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>Alerts with Icons
若要创建带有图标的提醒，请使用 flexbox utilities 和 Bootstrap Icons 。
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Alert messages with icons</h4>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display: none;">
<symbol id="success-bg" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
<path d="M16 8A8 8 0 1 1 0 8a8 8 0 0 1 16 0zm-3.97-3.03a.75.75 0 0 0-1.08.022L7.477 9.417 5.384 7.323a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06L6.97 11.03a.75.75 0 0 0 1.079-.02l3.992-4.99a.75.75 0 0 0-.01-1.05z"/>
</symbol>
<symbol id="info-bg" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
<path d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16zm.93-9.412-1 4.705c-.07.34.029.533.304.533.194 0 .487-.07.686-.246l-.088.416c-.287.346-.92.598-1.465.598-.703 0-1.002-.422-.808-1.319l.738-3.468c.064-.293.006-.399-.287-.47l-.451-.081.082-.381 2.29-.287zM8 5.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2z"/>
</symbol>
<symbol id="warning-bg" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
<path d="M8.982 1.566a1.13 1.13 0 0 0-1.96 0L.165 13.233c-.457.778.091 1.767.98 1.767h13.713c.889 0 1.438-.99.98-1.767L8.982 1.566zM8 5c.535 0 .954.462.9.995l-.35 3.507a.552.552 0 0 1-1.1 0L7.1 5.995A.905.905 0 0 1 8 5zm.002 6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/>
</symbol>
</svg>
<div class="alert alert-primary d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
<svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Info:"><use xlink:href="#info-bg"/></svg>
<div>
It is an info alert with an info icon.
</div>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
<svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Success:"><use xlink:href="#success-bg"/></svg>
<div>
It is a success alert with a success icon.
</div>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
<svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Warning:"><use xlink:href="#warning-bg"/></svg>
<div>
It is a warning alert with a warning icon.
</div>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
<svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Danger:"><use xlink:href="#warning-bg"/></svg>
<div>
It is a danger alert with a danger icon.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>Dismissing Alerts
可以通过使用 alert JavaScript 插件内联关闭任何提醒。请参阅以下几点：
-
确保加载内置 Bootstrap JavaScript 或 alert 插件。
-
添加一个关闭按钮和 .alert-dismissible 类，它会在警报的右侧放置关闭按钮，并提供额外的填充。
-
可以通过向 close 按钮添加 data-bs-dismiss="alert" 属性来启用 JavaScript 功能。
让我们在以下示例中了解此功能：
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Dismissal of alerts</h4>
<div class="alert alert-primary alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<strong>Primary Alert Box!</strong> Click on close icon to dismiss the alert box.
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<strong>Success Alert Box!</strong> Click on close icon to dismiss the alert box.
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<strong>Warning Alert Box!</strong> Click on close icon to dismiss the alert box.
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>Animated Alerts
当您关闭警报消息时，实用程序类 .fade 和 .show 会创建动画效果。让我们在以下示例中了解此功能。
Example
可以使用 编辑和运行 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h4 class="fs-2">Alert messages with animation</h4>
<div class="alert alert-info alert-dismissible fade show" role="alert">
<strong>Primary Alert Box!</strong> This will close the alert box with fading effect.
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible fade show" role="alert">
<strong>Success Alert Box!</strong> This will close the alert box with fading effect.
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible fade show" role="alert">
<strong>Warning Alert Box!</strong> This will close the alert box with fading effect.
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>