Bootstrap 简明教程

Bootstrap - Spacing

本章讨论了 Bootstrap 为间距提供的实用类。

This chapter discusses about the utility classes provided by Bootstrap for spacing.

Bootstrap 提供了预定义的响应式边距、内边距和间隙实用类范围，可用于修改元素的外观。这些实用类适用于所有类型的断点，例如：

Bootstrap provides predefined range of responsive margin, padding and gap utility classes that can be used to modify the appearance of an element. These utility classes work for all types of breakpoints, such as:

breakpoint

size

xs

⇐576px

sm

>=576px

md

>=768px

lg

>=992px

xl

>=1200px

xxl

>=1400px

这些类的命名格式如下：

The naming format of these classes is as follows:

breakpoint

naming format

xs

{property}{sides}-{size}

sm, md, lg, xl, xxl

{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}

其中 property 可为下列之一：

where property can be one of the following:

property

value

m

margin

p

padding

其中 sides 可为下列之一：

where sides can be one of the following:

side

value

t

margin-top/padding-top

b

margin-bottom/padding-bottom

s

margin-left/padding-left

e

margin-right/padding-right

x

margin-left and margin-right or padding-left and padding-right

y

margin-top and margin-bottom or padding-top and padding-bottom

blank

margin and padding on all four sides

其中 size 可为下列之一：

where size can be one of the following:

size

value

0

margin/padding - 0

1

margin/padding - 0.25rem

2

margin/padding - 0.5rem

3

margin/padding - 1rem

4

margin/padding - 1.5rem

5

margin/padding - 3rem

auto

margin - auto

我们来看 margin 实用工具的一个示例：

Let us see an example for margin utilities:

Example

你可以编辑并尝试运行此代码，使用 编辑和运行 选项。

You can edit and try running this code using the *Edit & Run *option.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Spacing</title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <div class="container mt-3">
        <h4 class="display-4">Spacing margin utilities</h4>
        <p><u>Set the spacing (margin) of an element with the {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size} classes.</u></p>
        <div class="mt-4 bg-info">Only top margin (1.5rem)</div>
        <div class="mb-5 bg-light">Only bottom margin (1rem)</div>
        <div class="ms-5 bg-warning">Only left margin (3rem)</div>
        <div class="me-5 bg-warning">Only right margin (3rem)</div>
        <div class="mx-5 text-bg-secondary">Both left and right margins (3rem)</div>
        <div class="my-5 bg-primary">Both top and bottom margins (3rem)</div>
      </div>
   </body>
</html>

我们来看 padding 实用工具的一个示例：

Let us see an example for padding utilities:

Example

你可以编辑并尝试运行此代码，使用 编辑和运行 选项。

You can edit and try running this code using the *Edit & Run *option.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Spacing</title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <div class="container mt-3">
        <h4 class="display-4">Spacing padding utilities</h4>
        <p><u>Set the spacing (padding) of an element with the {property){sides}-{breakpoint}-{size} classes.</u></p>
        <div class="pt-4 bg-info">Only top padding (1.5rem)</div>
        <div class="pb-5 text-bg-success">Only bottom padding (1rem)</div>
        <div class="ps-5 bg-warning">Only left padding (3rem)</div>
        <div class="pe-5 text-bg-danger">Only right padding (3rem)</div>
        <div class="px-5 text-bg-secondary">Both left and right padding (3rem)</div>
        <div class="py-5 text-bg-primary">Both top and bottom padding (3rem)</div>
      </div>
   </body>
</html>

Horizontal centering

对于水平居中固定宽度块级内容，Bootstrap 提供了 .mx-auto 类。

For horizontal centering fixed-width block level content, Bootstrap provides .mx-auto class.

我们看一个示例：

Let us see an example:

Example

你可以编辑并尝试运行此代码，使用 编辑和运行 选项。

You can edit and try running this code using the *Edit & Run *option.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>Bootstrap - Spacing</title>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
      <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <div class="container mt-3">
        <h4 class="display-5">Horizontal centering</h4><br>
        <div class="mx-auto p-2 text-bg-success" style="width: 200px;">
          Horizontally centered
        </div>
      </div>
   </body>
</html>

Gap utilities

可在父元素上使用 gap 实用工具，同时使用 display: grid 或 display: flex 。默认情况下， gap 实用工具具有响应性。

You can make use of gap utilities on the parent element, while using display: grid or display: flex. By default the gap utilities are responsive.

它可以在 $spacers 映射 (0-5) 中的六种尺寸中保存值。没有 .gap-auto 类，它与 .gap-0 相同。

It can hold the values for all the six sizes from the $spacers map (0-5). There is no .gap-auto class, as it is same as .gap-0.

我们看一个示例：

Let us see an example:

Example

你可以编辑并尝试运行此代码，使用 编辑和运行 选项。

You can edit and try running this code using the *Edit & Run *option.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Spacing</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="container mt-3">
      <h4 class="display-6">
          gap utility
      </h4>
      <h4>gap utility class <i>.gap-*</i></h4>
      <div class="d-grid gap-0 p-3 border border-primary bg-light">
          <div class="p-2 bg-light border">
              gap-0
          </div>
          <div class="p-2 bg-light border">
              gap-0
          </div>
      </div>
      <div class="d-grid gap-1 p-3 border border-danger bg-primary-subtle">
          <div class="p-2 bg-light border">
            gap-1
          </div>
          <div class="p-2 bg-light border">
            gap-1
          </div>
      </div>
      <div class="d-grid gap-2 p-3 border border-success bg-danger-subtle">
          <div class="p-2 bg-light border">
            gap-2
          </div>
          <div class="p-2 bg-light border">
            gap-2
          </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

row-gap

为了设置指定容器中子项之间的垂直空间，请使用实用工具类 .row-gap 。

In order to set the vertical space between children items in a specified container, use the utility class .row-gap.

我们看一个示例：

Let us see an example:

Example

你可以编辑并尝试运行此代码，使用 编辑和运行 选项。

You can edit and try running this code using the *Edit & Run *option.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Spacing</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
     <div class="container mt-3">
        <h4 class="display-6">
         gap utility
        </h4>
        <h4>row gap utility class <i>.row-gap-*</i></h4>
        <div class="d-grid gap-0 row-gap-4">
          <div class="p-2 border bg-primary">
            row gap-4
          </div>
          <div class="p-2 border bg-info">
            row gap-4
          </div>
          <div class="p-2 border bg-warning">
            row gap-4
          </div>
          <div class="p-2 border bg-danger-subtle">
            row gap-4
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
     </div>
   </body>
</html>

column-gap

为了设置指定容器中子项之间的水平空间，请使用实用工具类 .column-gap 。

In order to set the horizontal space between children items in a specified container, use the utility class .column-gap.

我们看一个示例：

Let us see an example:

Example

你可以编辑并尝试运行此代码，使用 编辑和运行 选项。

You can edit and try running this code using the *Edit & Run *option.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Spacing</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
   </head>
   <body>
     <div class="container mt-3">
      <h4 class="display-4">
        gap utility
      </h4>
      <h4>column gap utility class <i>.column-gap-*</i></h4>
      <div class="d-flex gap-0 column-gap-4">
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-primary">Grid item 1</div>
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-primary">Grid item 2</div>
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-primary">Grid item 3</div>
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-primary">Grid item 4</div>
      </div>
      <div class="d-flex gap-0 column-gap-2">
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-success">Grid item 1</div>
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-success">Grid item 2</div>
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-success">Grid item 3</div>
        <div class="p-2 g-col-6 border border-success">Grid item 4</div>
      </div>
     </div>
   </body>
</html>