Django 简明教程

$ python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 17 2014, 18:11:42)
[GCC 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16)] on linux2

$ django-admin startproject myproject

myproject/
   manage.py
   myproject/
      __init__.py
      settings.py
      urls.py
      wsgi.py

$ python manage.py help

DEBUG = True

DATABASES = {
   'default': {
      'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
      'NAME': 'database.sql',
      'USER': '',
      'PASSWORD': '',
      'HOST': '',
      'PORT': '',
   }
}

$ python manage.py runserver

Validating models...

0 errors found
September 03, 2015 - 11:41:50
Django version 1.6.11, using settings 'myproject.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

$ python manage.py startapp myapp

myapp/
   __init__.py
   admin.py
   models.py
   tests.py
   views.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
   'django.contrib.admin',
   'django.contrib.auth',
   'django.contrib.contenttypes',
   'django.contrib.sessions',
   'django.contrib.messages',
   'django.contrib.staticfiles',
   'myapp',
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
   'django.contrib.admin',
   'django.contrib.auth',
   'django.contrib.contenttypes',
   'django.contrib.sessions',
   'django.contrib.messages',
   'django.contrib.staticfiles',
   'myapp',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
   'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
   'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
   'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

$ python manage.py migrate

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   # Examples:
   # url(r'^$', 'myproject.views.home', name = 'home'),
   # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

   url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

$ python manage.py runserver

from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):
   text = """<h1>welcome to my app !</h1>"""
   return HttpResponse(text)

from django.shortcuts import render

def hello(request):
   return render(request, "myapp/template/hello.html", {})

from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request, number):
   text = "<h1>welcome to my app number %s!</h1>"% number
   return HttpResponse(text)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^hello/', 'myapp.views.hello', name = 'hello'),)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   #Examples
   #url(r'^$', 'myproject.view.home', name = 'home'),
   #url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

   url(r'^admin', include(admin.site.urls)),
   url(r'^myapp/', include('myapp.urls')),
)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
   url(r'^hello/', 'myapp.views.hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'myapp.views.morning', name = 'morning'),
)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),)

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):
   return render(request, "hello.html", {})

def viewArticle(request, articleId):
   text = "Displaying article Number : %s"%articleId
   return HttpResponse(text)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),
   url(r'^article/(\d+)/', 'viewArticle', name = 'article'),)

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):
   return render(request, "hello.html", {})

def viewArticle(request, articleId):
   text = "Displaying article Number : %s"%articleId
   return HttpResponse(text)

def viewArticles(request, month, year):
   text = "Displaying articles of : %s/%s"%(year, month)
   return HttpResponse(text)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),
   url(r'^article/(\d+)/', 'viewArticle', name = 'article'),
   url(r'^articles/(\d{2})/(\d{4})', 'viewArticles', name = 'articles'),)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^hello/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),
   url(r'^morning/', 'morning', name = 'morning'),
   url(r'^article/(\d+)/', 'viewArticle', name = 'article'),
   url(r'^articles/(?P\d{2})/(?P\d{4})', 'viewArticles', name = 'articles'),)

from django.db import models

class Dreamreal(models.Model):

   website = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   mail = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   phonenumber = models.IntegerField()

   class Meta:
      db_table = "dreamreal"

$python manage.py syncdb

from django.db import models

class Dreamreal(models.Model):
   website = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   mail = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   phonenumber = models.IntegerField()
   online = models.ForeignKey('Online', default = 1)

   class Meta:
      db_table = "dreamreal"

class Online(models.Model):
      domain = models.CharField(max_length = 30)

   class Meta:
      db_table = "online"

$python manage.py shell

>>> from myapp.models import Dreamreal, Online
>>> dr1 = Dreamreal()
>>> dr1.website = 'company1.com'
>>> dr1.name = 'company1'
>>> dr1.mail = 'contact@company1'
>>> dr1.phonenumber = '12345'
>>> dr1.save()
>>> dr2 = Dreamreal()
>>> dr1.website = 'company2.com'
>>> dr2.website = 'company2.com'
>>> dr2.name = 'company2'
>>> dr2.mail = 'contact@company2'
>>> dr2.phonenumber = '56789'
>>> dr2.save()

>>> on1 = Online()
>>> on1.company = dr1
>>> on1.domain = "site1.com"
>>> on2 = Online()
>>> on2.company = dr1
>>> on2.domain = "site2.com"
>>> on3 = Online()
>>> on3.domain = "site3.com"
>>> dr2 = Dreamreal.objects.all()[2]
>>> on3.company = dr2
>>> on1.save()
>>> on2.save()
>>> on3.save()

>>> on1.company.name

>>> dr1.online_set.all()

>>> Online.objects.filter(company__name__contains = 'company'

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendSimpleEmail(request,emailto):
   res = send_mail("hello paul", "comment tu vas?", "paul@polo.com", [emailto])
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = paterns('myapp.views', url(r'^simpleemail/(?P<emailto>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})/',
   'sendSimpleEmail' , name = 'sendSimpleEmail'),)

from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendMassEmail(request,emailto):
   msg1 = ('subject 1', 'message 1', 'polo@polo.com', [emailto1])
   msg2 = ('subject 2', 'message 2', 'polo@polo.com', [emailto2])
   res = send_mass_mail((msg1, msg2), fail_silently = False)
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = paterns('myapp.views', url(r'^massEmail/(?P<emailto1>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})/(?P<emailto2>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})', 'sendMassEmail' , name = 'sendMassEmail'),)

$python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025

from django.core.mail import mail_admins
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendAdminsEmail(request):
   res = mail_admins('my subject', 'site is going down.')
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

from django.core.mail import mail_managers
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendManagersEmail(request):
   res = mail_managers('my subject 2', 'Change date on the site.')
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from django.http import HttpResponse
   res = send_mail("hello paul", "comment tu vas?", "paul@polo.com",
         ["polo@gmail.com"], html_message=")

from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendHTMLEmail(request , emailto):
   html_content = "<strong>Comment tu vas?</strong>"
   email = EmailMessage("my subject", html_content, "paul@polo.com", [emailto])
   email.content_subtype = "html"
   res = email.send()
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = paterns('myapp.views', url(r'^htmlemail/(?P<emailto>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})/',
   'sendHTMLEmail' , name = 'sendHTMLEmail'),)

from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendEmailWithAttach(request, emailto):
   html_content = "Comment tu vas?"
   email = EmailMessage("my subject", html_content, "paul@polo.com", emailto])
   email.content_subtype = "html"

   fd = open('manage.py', 'r')
   email.attach('manage.py', fd.read(), 'text/plain')

   res = email.send()
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

<html>
   <body>
      This is a static page!!!
   </body>
</html>

from django.shortcuts import render

def static(request):
   return render(request, 'static.html', {})

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views", url(r'^static/', 'static', name = 'static'),)

from django.views.generic import TemplateView

class StaticView(TemplateView):
   template_name = "static.html"

from myapp.views import StaticView
from django.conf.urls import patterns

urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views", (r'^static/$', StaticView.as_view()),)

from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views",
   url(r'^static/',TemplateView.as_view(template_name = 'static.html')),)

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from myapp.forms import LoginForm

def login(request):
   username = "not logged in"

   if request.method == "POST":
      #Get the posted form
      MyLoginForm = LoginForm(request.POST)

      if MyLoginForm.is_valid():
         username = MyLoginForm.cleaned_data['username']
   else:
      MyLoginForm = Loginform()

   return render(request, 'loggedin.html', {"username" : username})

<html>
   <body>

      <form name = "form" action = "{% url "myapp.views.login" %}"
         method = "POST" >{% csrf_token %}

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>
               <input type = "text" style = "margin-left:20%;"
                  placeholder = "Identifiant" name = "username" />
            </center>
         </div>

         <br>

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>
               <input type = "password" style = "margin-left:20%;"
                  placeholder = "password" name = "password" />
            </center>
         </div>

         <br>

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>

               <button style = "border:0px; background-color:#4285F4; margin-top:8%;
                  height:35px; width:80%;margin-left:19%;" type = "submit"
                  value = "Login" >
                  <strong>Login</strong>
               </button>

            </center>
         </div>

      </form>

   </body>
</html>

{% csrf_token %}

<html>

   <body>
      You are : <strong>{{username}}</strong>
   </body>

</html>

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^connection/',TemplateView.as_view(template_name = 'login.html')),
   url(r'^login/', 'login', name = 'login'))

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms

class ProfileForm(forms.Form):
   name = forms.CharField(max_length = 100)
   picture = forms.ImageFields()

from django.db import models

class Profile(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   picture = models.ImageField(upload_to = 'pictures')

   class Meta:
      db_table = "profile"

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from myapp.forms import ProfileForm
from myapp.models import Profile

def SaveProfile(request):
   saved = False

   if request.method == "POST":
      #Get the posted form
      MyProfileForm = ProfileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)

      if MyProfileForm.is_valid():
         profile = Profile()
         profile.name = MyProfileForm.cleaned_data["name"]
         profile.picture = MyProfileForm.cleaned_data["picture"]
         profile.save()
         saved = True
   else:
      MyProfileForm = Profileform()

   return render(request, 'saved.html', locals())

<html>
   <body>

      {% if saved %}
         <strong>Your profile was saved.</strong>
      {% endif %}

      {% if not saved %}
         <strong>Your profile was not saved.</strong>
      {% endif %}

   </body>
</html>

<html>
   <body>

      <form name = "form" enctype = "multipart/form-data"
         action = "{% url "myapp.views.SaveProfile" %}" method = "POST" >{% csrf_token %}

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>
               <input type = "text" style = "margin-left:20%;"
               placeholder = "Name" name = "name" />
            </center>
         </div>

         <br>

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>
               <input type = "file" style = "margin-left:20%;"
                  placeholder = "Picture" name = "picture" />
            </center>
         </div>

         <br>

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>

               <button style = "border:0px;background-color:#4285F4; margin-top:8%;
                  height:35px; width:80%; margin-left:19%;" type = "submit" value = "Login" >
                  <strong>Login</strong>
               </button>

            </center>
         </div>

      </form>

   </body>
</html>

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = patterns(
   'myapp.views', url(r'^profile/',TemplateView.as_view(
      template_name = 'profile.html')), url(r'^saved/', 'SaveProfile', name = 'saved')
)

'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'

'django.contrib.sessions'

def login(request):
   username = 'not logged in'

   if request.method == 'POST':
      MyLoginForm = LoginForm(request.POST)

      if MyLoginForm.is_valid():
         username = MyLoginForm.cleaned_data['username']
         request.session['username'] = username
      else:
         MyLoginForm = LoginForm()

   return render(request, 'loggedin.html', {"username" : username}

def formView(request):
   if request.session.has_key('username'):
      username = request.session['username']
      return render(request, 'loggedin.html', {"username" : username})
   else:
      return render(request, 'login.html', {})

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^connection/','formView', name = 'loginform'),
   url(r'^login/', 'login', name = 'login'))

def logout(request):
   try:
      del request.session['username']
   except:
      pass
   return HttpResponse("<strong>You are logged out.</strong>")

url(r'^logout/', 'logout', name = 'logout'),

CACHES = {
   'default': {
      'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
      'LOCATION': 'my_table_name',
   }
}

python manage.py createcachetable

CACHES = {
   'default': {
      'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache',
      'LOCATION': '/var/tmp/django_cache',
   }
}

CACHES = {
   'default': {
      'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
      'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211',
   }
}

CACHES = {
   'default': {
      'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
      'LOCATION': 'unix:/tmp/memcached.sock',
   }
}

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES += (
   'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',
)

CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS – The cache alias to use for storage.
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS – The number of seconds each page should be cached.

from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

@cache_page(60 * 15)

def viewArticles(request, year, month):
   text = "Displaying articles of : %s/%s"%(year, month)
   return HttpResponse(text)

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^articles/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<year>\d{4})/', 'viewArticles', name = 'articles'),)

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
   url(r'^articles/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<year>\d{4})/',
   cache_page(60 * 15)('viewArticles'), name = 'articles'),)

{% extends "main_template.html" %}
{% block title %}My Hello Page{% endblock %}
{% block content %}

Hello World!!!<p>Today is {{today}}</p>
We are
{% if today.day == 1 %}

the first day of month.
{% elif today.day == 30 %}

the last day of month.
{% else %}

I don't know.
{%endif%}

<p>
   {% for day in days_of_week %}
   {{day}}
</p>

{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

{% load cache %}
{% extends "main_template.html" %}
{% block title %}My Hello Page{% endblock %}
{% cache 500 content %}
{% block content %}

Hello World!!!<p>Today is {{today}}</p>
We are
{% if today.day == 1 %}

the first day of month.
{% elif today.day == 30 %}

the last day of month.
{% else %}

I don't know.
{%endif%}

<p>
   {% for day in days_of_week %}
   {{day}}
</p>

{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
{% endcache %}

class Dreamreal(models.Model):

   website = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   mail = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   phonenumber = models.IntegerField()

   class Meta:
      db_table = "dreamreal"

def hello(request, Name):
   today = datetime.datetime.now().date()
   daysOfWeek = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
   dreamreal = Dreamreal.objects.get(name = Name)
   return render(request, 'hello.html', locals())

{% extends "main_template.html" %}
{% load comments %}
{% block title %}My Hello Page{% endblock %}
{% block content %}

<p>
   Our Dreamreal Entry:
   <p><strong>Name :</strong> {{dreamreal.name}}</p>
   <p><strong>Website :</strong> {{dreamreal.website}}</p>
   <p><strong>Phone :</strong> {{dreamreal.phonenumber}}</p>
   <p><strong>Number of comments :<strong>
   {% get_comment_count for dreamreal as comment_count %} {{ comment_count }}</p>
   <p>List of comments :</p>
   {% render_comment_list for dreamreal %}
</p>

{% render_comment_form for dreamreal %}
{% endblock %}

url(r'^hello/(?P<Name>\w+)/', 'hello', name = 'hello'),

$ pip install django_dajax
$ easy_install django_dajax

INSTALLED_APPS += (
   'dajaxice',
   'dajax'
)

TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
   'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
   'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
   'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
   'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
   'django.core.context_processors.debug',
   'django.core.context_processors.i18n',
   'django.core.context_processors.media',
   'django.core.context_processors.static',
   'django.core.context_processors.request',
   'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages'
)

STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
   'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
   'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
   'dajaxice.finders.DajaxiceFinder',
)

DAJAXICE_MEDIA_PREFIX = 'dajaxice'

from dajaxice.core import dajaxice_autodiscover, dajaxice_config
from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
from django.conf import settings

Then dajax urls:

urlpatterns += patterns('',
   url(r'^%s/' % settings.DAJAXICE_MEDIA_PREFIX, include('dajaxice.urls')),)

urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()

class DreamrealForm(forms.Form):
   website = forms.CharField(max_length = 100)
   name = forms.CharField(max_length = 100)
   phonenumber = forms.CharField(max_length = 50)
   email = forms.CharField(max_length = 100)

from dajaxice.utils import deserialize_form
from myapp.form import DreamrealForm
from dajax.core import Dajax
from myapp.models import Dreamreal

@dajaxice_register
def send_form(request, form):
   dajax = Dajax()
   form = DreamrealForm(deserialize_form(form))

   if form.is_valid():
      dajax.remove_css_class('#my_form input', 'error')
      dr = Dreamreal()
      dr.website = form.cleaned_data.get('website')
      dr.name = form.cleaned_data.get('name')
      dr.phonenumber = form.cleaned_data.get('phonenumber')
      dr.save()

      dajax.alert("Dreamreal Entry %s was successfully saved." %
         form.cleaned_data.get('name'))
   else:
      dajax.remove_css_class('#my_form input', 'error')
      for error in form.errors:
         dajax.add_css_class('#id_%s' % error, 'error')

   return dajax.json()

<html>
   <head></head>
   <body>

      <form action = "" method = "post" id = "my_form" accept-charset = "utf-8">
         {{ form.as_p }}
         <p><input type = "button" value = "Send" onclick = "send_form();"></p>
      </form>

   </body>
</html>

def dreamreal(request):
   form = DreamrealForm()
   return render(request, 'dreamreal.html', locals())

url(r'^dreamreal/', 'dreamreal', name = 'dreamreal'),

{% load static %}
{% load dajaxice_templatetags %}

<script src = "{% static '/static/jquery-1.11.3.min.js' %}"
   type = "text/javascript" charset = "utf-8"></script>
<script src = "{% static '/static/dajax/jquery.dajax.core.js' %}"></script>

<script>

   function send_form(){
      Dajaxice.myapp.send_form(Dajax.process,{'form':$('#my_form').serialize(true)});
   }
</script>

$python manage.py collectstatic