Django 简明教程

Django - Sending E-mails

Django 带有一个使用方便的电子邮件发送引擎。与 Python 类似，您需要导入 smtplib。在 Django 中，您只需导入 django.core.mail。若要开始发送电子邮件，请编辑您的项目 settings.py 文件并设置以下选项 −

Django comes with a ready and easy-to-use light engine to send e-mail. Similar to Python you just need an import of smtplib. In Django you just need to import django.core.mail. To start sending e-mail, edit your project settings.py file and set the following options −

EMAIL_HOST − smtp server.
EMAIL_HOST_USER − Login credential for the smtp server.
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD − Password credential for the smtp server.
EMAIL_PORT − smtp server port.
EMAIL_USE_TLS or _SSL − True if secure connection.

Sending a Simple E-mail

让我们创建一个 "sendSimpleEmail" 视图以发送简单电子邮件。

Let’s create a "sendSimpleEmail" view to send a simple e-mail.

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendSimpleEmail(request,emailto):
   res = send_mail("hello paul", "comment tu vas?", "paul@polo.com", [emailto])
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

以下是 send_mail 参数的详细信息 −

Here is the details of the parameters of send_mail −

subject − E-mail subject.
message − E-mail body.
from_email − E-mail from.
recipient_list − List of receivers’ e-mail address.
fail_silently − Bool, if false send_mail will raise an exception in case of error.
auth_user − User login if not set in settings.py.
auth_password − User password if not set in settings.py.
connection − E-mail backend.
html_message − (new in Django 1.7) if present, the e-mail will be multipart/alternative.

让我们创建一个 URL 以访问我们的视图 −

Let’s create a URL to access our view −

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = paterns('myapp.views', url(r'^simpleemail/(?P<emailto>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})/',
   'sendSimpleEmail' , name = 'sendSimpleEmail'),)

因此，当访问 /myapp/simpleemail/polo@gmail.com 时，您将获得以下页面 −

So when accessing /myapp/simpleemail/polo@gmail.com, you will get the following page −

Sending Multiple Mails with send_mass_mail

该方法返回成功传送消息的数量。这与 send_mail 相同，但需要额外一个参数；datatuple，然后我们的 sendMassEmail 视图将变为 −

The method returns the number of messages successfully delivered. This is same as send_mail but takes an extra parameter; datatuple, our sendMassEmail view will then be −

from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendMassEmail(request,emailto):
   msg1 = ('subject 1', 'message 1', 'polo@polo.com', [emailto1])
   msg2 = ('subject 2', 'message 2', 'polo@polo.com', [emailto2])
   res = send_mass_mail((msg1, msg2), fail_silently = False)
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

让我们创建一个 URL 以访问我们的视图 −

Let’s create a URL to access our view −

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = paterns('myapp.views', url(r'^massEmail/(?P<emailto1>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})/(?P<emailto2>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})', 'sendMassEmail' , name = 'sendMassEmail'),)

当访问 /myapp/massemail/polo@gmail.com/sorex@gmail.com/ 时，我们会得到 −

When accessing /myapp/massemail/polo@gmail.com/sorex@gmail.com/, we get −

send_mass_mail 参数详细信息 −

send_mass_mail parameters details are −

datatuples − A tuple where each element is like (subject, message, from_email, recipient_list).
fail_silently − Bool, if false send_mail will raise an exception in case of error.
auth_user − User login if not set in settings.py.
auth_password − User password if not set in settings.py.
connection − E-mail backend.

如上面的图片中可以看到，两封邮件发送成功。

As you can see in the above image, two messages were sent successfully.

Note − 在这个范例中，我们使用 Python smtp 调试服务器，可使用以下方法启动：

Note − In this example we are using Python smtp debuggingserver, that you can launch using −

$python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025

这意味着您发送的所有电子邮件都将打印在 stdout 上，而虚拟服务器在 localhost:1025 上运行。

This means all your sent e-mails will be printed on stdout, and the dummy server is running on localhost:1025.

Sending e-mails to admins and managers using mail_admins and mail_managers methods

这些方法向设置文件 settings.py 的 ADMINS 选项中定义的网站管理员和 MANAGERS 选项中定义的网站管理者发送电子邮件。我们假设 ADMINS 和 MANAGERS 选项如下所示：

These methods send e-mails to site administrators as defined in the ADMINS option of the settings.py file, and to site managers as defined in MANAGERS option of the settings.py file. Let’s assume our ADMINS and MANAGERS options look like −

ADMINS = (('polo', ' polo@polo.com '),)

ADMINS = (('polo', 'polo@polo.com'),)

MANAGERS = (('popoli', ' popoli@polo.com '),)

MANAGERS = (('popoli', 'popoli@polo.com'),)

from django.core.mail import mail_admins
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendAdminsEmail(request):
   res = mail_admins('my subject', 'site is going down.')
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

上述代码会向 ADMINS 部分中定义的每位管理员发送一封电子邮件。

The above code will send an e-mail to every admin defined in the ADMINS section.

from django.core.mail import mail_managers
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendManagersEmail(request):
   res = mail_managers('my subject 2', 'Change date on the site.')
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

上述代码会向 MANAGERS 部分中定义的每位管理者发送一封电子邮件。

The above code will send an e-mail to every manager defined in the MANAGERS section.

参数详细信息 −

Parameters details −

Subject − E-mail subject.
message − E-mail body.
fail_silently − Bool, if false send_mail will raise an exception in case of error.
connection − E-mail backend.
html_message − (new in Django 1.7) if present, the e-mail will be multipart/alternative.

Sending HTML E-mail

在 Django >= 1.7 中发送 HTML 邮件如同以下代码所示：

Sending HTML message in Django >= 1.7 is as easy as −

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from django.http import HttpResponse
   res = send_mail("hello paul", "comment tu vas?", "paul@polo.com",
         ["polo@gmail.com"], html_message=")

这会生成一个 multipart/alternative 电子邮件。

This will produce a multipart/alternative e-mail.

但是，在 Django < 1.7 中，要通过使用 django.core.mail.EmailMessage 类向对象调用“send”来发送 HTML 邮件 −

But for Django < 1.7 sending HTML messages is done via the django.core.mail.EmailMessage class then calling 'send' on the object −

让我们创建一个“sendHTMLEmail”视图来发送 HTML 邮件。

Let’s create a "sendHTMLEmail" view to send an HTML e-mail.

from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendHTMLEmail(request , emailto):
   html_content = "<strong>Comment tu vas?</strong>"
   email = EmailMessage("my subject", html_content, "paul@polo.com", [emailto])
   email.content_subtype = "html"
   res = email.send()
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

EmailMessage 类创建的参数详细信息 −

Parameters details for the EmailMessage class creation −

Subject − E-mail subject.
message − E-mail body in HTML.
from_email − E-mail from.
to − List of receivers’ e-mail address.
bcc − List of “Bcc” receivers’ e-mail address.
connection − E-mail backend.

让我们创建一个 URL 以访问我们的视图 −

Let’s create a URL to access our view −

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = paterns('myapp.views', url(r'^htmlemail/(?P<emailto>
   [\w.%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})/',
   'sendHTMLEmail' , name = 'sendHTMLEmail'),)

访问 /myapp/htmlemail/polo@gmail.com 时，会得到 −

When accessing /myapp/htmlemail/polo@gmail.com, we get −

Sending E-mail with Attachment

这是通过在 EmailMessage 对象上使用“attach”方法来完成的。

This is done by using the 'attach' method on the EmailMessage object.

发送带附件的电子邮件的视图为：

A view to send an e-mail with attachment will be −

from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from django.http import HttpResponse

def sendEmailWithAttach(request, emailto):
   html_content = "Comment tu vas?"
   email = EmailMessage("my subject", html_content, "paul@polo.com", emailto])
   email.content_subtype = "html"

   fd = open('manage.py', 'r')
   email.attach('manage.py', fd.read(), 'text/plain')

   res = email.send()
   return HttpResponse('%s'%res)

附加参数的详情：

Details on attach arguments −

filename − The name of the file to attach.
content − The content of the file to attach.
mimetype − The attachment’s content mime type.