Spring Boot Jpa 简明教程

Spring Boot JPA - Named Queries

有时会出现需要自定义查询来完成某个测试用例的情况。我们可以使用 @NamedQuery 注解指定实体类中的命名查询,然后再在存储库中声明该方法。以下是示例。

我们在 JPA Custom Methods 章节中存储库中添加了自定义方法。现在,我们使用 @NamedQuery 添加另一个方法,并对其进行测试。

Entity - Entity.java

以下为Employee的默认代码。它表示一个带id,name,age和email列的Employee表。

package com.tutorialspoint.entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table
@NamedQuery(name = "Employee.findByEmail",
query = "select e from Employee e where e.email = ?1")
public class Employee {
   @Id
   @Column
   private int id;

   @Column
   private String name;

   @Column
   private int age;

   @Column
   private String email;

   public int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   public void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public String getEmail() {
      return email;
   }
   public void setEmail(String email) {
      this.email = email;
   }
}

Repository - EmployeeRepository.java

添加一个通过名字和年龄找到员工的方法。

package com.tutorialspoint.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.tutorialspoint.entity.Employee;

@Repository
public interface EmployeeRepository extends CrudRepository<Employee, Integer>  {
   public List<Employee> findByName(String name);
   public List<Employee> findByAge(int age);
   public Employee findByEmail(String email);
}

现在,Spring JPA 将使用命名查询中提供的查询,自动创建以上方法的实现。让我们在 test 文件中添加测试用例,从而测试所添加的方法。以下文件中的最后两个方法测试了所添加的命名查询方法。

以下是 EmployeeRepositoryTest 的完整代码。

package com.tutorialspoint.repository;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import com.tutorialspoint.entity.Employee;
import com.tutorialspoint.sprintbooth2.SprintBootH2Application;

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@Transactional
@SpringBootTest(classes = SprintBootH2Application.class)
public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {
   @Autowired
   private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;

   @Test
   public void testFindById() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      Employee result = employeeRepository.findById(employee.getId()).get();
      assertEquals(employee.getId(), result.getId());
   }
   @Test
   public void testFindAll() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      List<Employee> result = new ArrayList<>();
      employeeRepository.findAll().forEach(e -> result.add(e));
      assertEquals(result.size(), 1);
   }
   @Test
   public void testSave() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      Employee found = employeeRepository.findById(employee.getId()).get();
      assertEquals(employee.getId(), found.getId());
   }
   @Test
   public void testDeleteById() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      employeeRepository.deleteById(employee.getId());
      List<Employee> result = new ArrayList<>();
      employeeRepository.findAll().forEach(e -> result.add(e));
      assertEquals(result.size(), 0);
   }
   private Employee getEmployee() {
      Employee employee = new Employee();
      employee.setId(1);
      employee.setName("Mahesh");
      employee.setAge(30);
      employee.setEmail("mahesh@test.com");
      return employee;
   }
   @Test
   public void testFindByName() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      List<Employee> result = new ArrayList<>();
      employeeRepository.findByName(employee.getName()).forEach(e -> result.add(e));
      assertEquals(result.size(), 1);
   }
   @Test
   public void testFindByAge() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      List<Employee> result = new ArrayList<>();
      employeeRepository.findByAge(employee.getAge()).forEach(e -> result.add(e));
      assertEquals(result.size(), 1);
   }
   @Test
   public void testFindByEmail() {
      Employee employee = getEmployee();
      employeeRepository.save(employee);
      Employee result = employeeRepository.findByEmail(employee.getEmail());
      assertNotNull(result);
   }
}

Run the test cases

在 Eclipse 中右键单击该文件并选择 Run a JUnit Test ,然后验证结果。

unit testing named queries