Requests 简明教程
Handling Response for HTTP Requests
在本章中,我们将详细了解从请求模块收到的响应。我们将讨论以下详细信息 −
-
Getting Response
-
JSON Response
-
RAW Response
-
Binary Response
Getting Response
我们将使用 request.get() 方法向 URL 发出请求。
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users');
getdata 有响应对象。它具有响应的所有详细信息。我们可以使用 (text) 和 (.content) 以两种方式获取响应。使用 response.text 会以文本格式返回数据,如下所示 −
Example
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Leanne Graham",
"username": "Bret",
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",
"address": {
"street": "Kulas Light",
"suite": "Apt. 556",
"city": "Gwenborough",
"zipcode": "92998-3874",
"geo": {
"lat": "-37.3159",
"lng": "81.1496"
}
},
"phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
"website": "hildegard.org",
"company": {
"name": "Romaguera-Crona",
"catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
"bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
}
},
]
您将看到响应与您在为 URL 查看源代码时在浏览器中显示的方式相同,如下所示 −
您还可以尝试 .html URL,并使用 response.text 查看内容,它将与浏览器中 .html URL 的查看源内容相同。
现在,让我们尝试针对同一个 URL 使用 response.content, 并查看输出。
Example
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
print(getdata.content)
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
b'[\n {\n "id": 1,\n "name": "Leanne Graham",\n "username": "Bret",\n
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",\n "address": {\n "street": "Kulas Light
",\n "suite": "Apt. 556",\n "city": "Gwenborough",\n "zipcode": "
92998-3874",\n "geo": {\n "lat": "-37.3159",\n "lng": "81.149
6"\n }\n },\n "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",\n "website": "hild
egard.org",\n "company": {\n "name": "Romaguera-Crona",\n "catchPhr
ase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",\n "bs": "harness real-time
e-markets"\n }\n },\n {\n "id": 2,\n "name": "Ervin Howell",\n
"username": "Antonette",\n "email": "Shanna@melissa.tv",\n "address": {\n
"street": "Victor Plains",\n "suite": "Suite 879",\n "city": "Wisoky
burgh",\n "zipcode": "90566-7771",\n "geo": {\n "lat": "-43.950
9",\n "lng": "-34.4618"\n }\n },\n "phone": "010-692-6593 x091
25",\n "website": "anastasia.net",\n "company": {\n "name": "Deckow-Crist",
\n "catchPhrase": "Proactive didactic contingency",\n "bs":
"synergize scalable supply-chains"\n }\n },\n {\n "id": 3,\n "name":
"Clementine Bauch",\n "username": "Samantha",\n "email":
"Nathan@yesenia.net",
\n "address": {\n "street": "Douglas Extension",\n "suite": "Suite
847",\n "city": "McKenziehaven",\n "zipcode": "59590-4157",\n "ge
o": {\n "lat": "-68.6102",\n "lng": "-47.0653"\n }\n },\n
响应以字节为单位提供。您将在响应开头得到一个字符 b 。使用 requests 模块,您可以获得使用的编码,也可以在需要时更改编码。例如,要获得编码,可以使用 response.encoding。
print(getdata.encoding)
You can also get the response for the Http request in json format by using response.json() method as follows −
Example
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
print(getdata.json())
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[{'id': 1, 'name': 'Leanne Graham', 'username': 'Bret', 'email': 'Sincere@april.
biz', 'address': {'street': 'Kulas Light', 'suite': 'Apt. 556', 'city': 'Gwenborough',
'zipcode': '92998-3874', 'geo': {'lat': '-37.3159', 'lng': '81.1496'}},
'
phone': '1-770-736-8031 x56442', 'website': 'hildegard.org', 'company': {'name':
'Romaguera-Crona', 'catchPhrase': 'Multi-layered client-server neural-net', 'bs':
'harness real-time e-markets'}}]
In case you need the raw response for the Http URL you can make use of response.raw, also add stream = True inside the get method as shown below −
Example
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', stream=True)
print(getdata.raw)
Binary Response
要获得二进制响应,我们可以利用 response.content。
Example
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
print(getdata.content)
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
b'[\n {\n "id": 1,\n "name": "Leanne Graham",\n "username": "Bret",\n
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",\n "address": {\n "street": "Kulas Light
",\n "suite": "Apt. 556",\n "city": "Gwenborough",\n "zipcode": "
92998-3874",\n "geo": {\n "lat": "-37.3159",\n "lng": "81.149
6"\n }\n },\n "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",\n "website":
"hildegard.org",\n "company": {\n "name": "Romaguera-Crona",\n "catchPhr
ase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",\n "bs": "harness real-time
e-markets"\n }\n },\n {\n "id": 2,\n "name": "Ervin Howell",\n "us
ername": "Antonette",\n "email": "Shanna@melissa.tv",\n "address": {\n
"street": "Victor Plains",\n "suite": "Suite 879",\n "city": "Wisoky
burgh",\n "zipcode": "90566-7771",\n "geo": {\n "lat": "-43.950
9",\n "lng": "-34.4618"\n }\n },\n "phone": "010-692-6593 x091
25",\n "website": "anastasia.net",\n "company": {\n "name": "Deckow-Crist",
\n "catchPhrase": "Proactive didactic contingency",\n "bs": "syn
ergize scalable supply-chains"\n }\n },\n {\n "id": 3,\n "name":
"Clementine Bauch",\n "username": "Samantha",\n "email": "Nathan@yesenia.net",
\n "address": {\n "street": "Douglas Extension",\n "suite": "Suite
847",\n "city": "McKenziehaven",\n "zipcode": "59590-4157",\n "
geo": {\n "lat": "-68.6102",\n "lng": "-47.0653"\n }\n },\n
响应以字节为单位提供。您将在响应开头得到一个字符 b 。二进制响应主要用于非文本请求。