Requests 简明教程
Requests - Working with Requests
在本章中，我们将了解如何使用 requests 模块。我们将探讨以下内容：
In this chapter, we will understand how to work with the requests module. We will look into the following −
-
Making HTTP Requests.
-
Passing Parameters to HTTP Requests.
Making HTTP Requests
要进行 Http 请求，我们首先需要导入 request 模块，如下所示：
To make a Http request, we need to first import the request module as shown below −
import requests现在让我们了解如何使用 requests 模块发起对 URL 的调用。
Let us now see, how to make a call to URL using the requests module.
让我们在代码中使用 URL − https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users 来测试 Requests 模块。
Let us use the URL − link: https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users in the code, to test Requests Module.
Example
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
print(getdata.status_code)网址 − https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users 使用 requests.get() 方法调用。URL 的响应对象存储在 getdata 变量中。当我们打印该变量时，它会给出 200 的响应代码，这意味着我们已成功得到响应。
The url − https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users is called using requests.get() method. The response object of the URL is stored in the getdata variable. When we print the variable, it gives the 200 response code, which means that we have got the response successfully.
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
<Response [200]>要从响应中获取内容，我们可以使用 getdata.content ，如下所示：
To get the content from the response, we can do so using getdata.content as shown below −
Example
import requests
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
print(getdata.content)getdata.content 将打印响应中所有可用数据。
getdata.content, will print all the data available in the response.
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
b'[\n {\n "id": 1,\n "name": "Leanne Graham",\n "username": "Bret",\n
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",\n "address": {\n "street": "Kulas Light
",\n "suite": "Apt. 556",\n "city": "Gwenborough",\n "zipcode": "
92998-3874",\n "geo": {\n "lat": "-37.3159",\n "lng": "81.149
6"\n }\n },\n "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",\n "website": "hild
egard.org",\n "company": {\n "name": "Romaguera-Crona",\n "catchPhr
ase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",\n "bs": "harness real-time
e-markets"\n }\n }Passing Parameters to HTTP Requests
仅请求 URL 是不够的，我们还需要将参数传递给 URL。
Just requesting the URL is not sufficient, we also need to pass parameters to the URL.
params 大多以键值对传递，例如：
The params are mostly passed as key/value pair, for example −
https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users?id=9&username=Delphine因此，我们有 id = 9 和 username = Delphine。现在将了解如何将此类数据传递给 requests Http 模块。
So, we have id = 9 and username = Delphine. Now, will see how to pass such data to requests Http module.
Example
import requests
payload = {'id': 9, 'username': 'Delphine'}
getdata = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users',
params = payload)
print(getdata.content)这些详细信息存储在键/值对中的对象有效负载中，并传递到 get() 方法内部的 params。
The details are stored in the object payload in the key/value pair and passed to params, inside get() method.
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
b'[\n {\n "id": 9,\n "name": "Glenna Reichert",\n "username": "Delphin
e",\n "email": "Chaim_McDermott@dana.io",\n "address": {\n "street":
"Dayna Park",\n "suite": "Suite 449",\n "city": "Bartholomebury",\n
"zipcode": "76495-3109",\n "geo": {\n "lat": "24.6463",\n
"lng": "-168.8889"\n }\n },\n "phone": "(775)976-6794 x41206",\n "
website": "conrad.com",\n "company": {\n "name": "Yost and Sons",\n
"catchPhrase": "Switchable contextually-based project",\n "bs": "aggregate
real-time technologies"\n }\n }\n]'我们现在在响应中获取 id = 9 和 username = Delphine 详细信息。
We are now getting the details of the id = 9 and username = Delphine details in the response.
如果您想查看在传递参数后 URL 的外观，则可以使用响应对象来获取 URL。
If you want to see, how the URL looks after passing the parameters, making use of the response object to the URL.