Excel 简明教程
Formula Reference in Excel 2010
Cell References in Formulas
您创建的大多数公式都包含对单元格或区域的引用。这些引用使您的公式能够与包含在这些单元格或区域中的数据动态协同。例如，如果您的公式引用单元格 C2 并更改 C2 中包含的值，那么公式结果会自动反映新的值。如果您没有在公式中使用引用，则需要编辑公式本身才能更改公式中使用值。
Most formulas you create include references to cells or ranges. These references enable your formulas to work dynamically with the data contained in those cells or ranges. For example, if your formula refers to cell C2 and you change the value contained in C2, the formula result reflects new value automatically. If you didn’t use references in your formulas, you would need to edit the formulas themselves in order to change the values used in the formulas.
当你在公式中使用单元格（或区域）引用时，可以使用三种类型的引用——相对引用、绝对引用和混合引用。
When you use a cell (or range) reference in a formula, you can use three types of references − relative, absolute, and mixed references.
Relative Cell References
当您将公式复制到另一个单元格时，行和列引用可能会更改，因为引用实际上是当前行和列的偏移量。默认情况下，Excel 在公式中创建相对单元格引用。
The row and column references can change when you copy the formula to another cell because the references are actually offsets from the current row and column. By default, Excel creates relative cell references in formulas.
Absolute Cell References
当您复制公式时，行和列引用不会更改，因为引用是实际单元格地址。绝对引用在其地址中使用两个美元符号：一个用于列字母，另一个用于行号（例如，$A$5）。
The row and column references do not change when you copy the formula because the reference is to an actual cell address. An absolute reference uses two dollar signs in its address: one for the column letter and one for the row number (for example, $A$5).
