R 简明教程
R - Factors
因子是用于对数据进行分类并将其存储为级别的 data 对象。它们可以存储字符串和整数。它们在具有有限数量唯一值(例如“男性”、“女性”和 True、False 等)的列中很有用。它们在用于统计建模的数据分析中很有用。
通过将向量作为输入,使用 factor () 函数创建因子。
Example
# Create a vector as input.
data <- c("East","West","East","North","North","East","West","West","West","East","North")
print(data)
print(is.factor(data))
# Apply the factor function.
factor_data <- factor(data)
print(factor_data)
print(is.factor(factor_data))
当我们执行上述代码时,会产生以下结果 -
[1] "East" "West" "East" "North" "North" "East" "West" "West" "West" "East" "North"
[1] FALSE
[1] East West East North North East West West West East North
Levels: East North West
[1] TRUE
Factors in Data Frame
在创建任何带有文本数据列的数据框架时,R 将文本列视为分类数据,并在其上创建因子。
# Create the vectors for data frame.
height <- c(132,151,162,139,166,147,122)
weight <- c(48,49,66,53,67,52,40)
gender <- c("male","male","female","female","male","female","male")
# Create the data frame.
input_data <- data.frame(height,weight,gender)
print(input_data)
# Test if the gender column is a factor.
print(is.factor(input_data$gender))
# Print the gender column so see the levels.
print(input_data$gender)
当我们执行上述代码时,会产生以下结果 -
height weight gender
1 132 48 male
2 151 49 male
3 162 66 female
4 139 53 female
5 166 67 male
6 147 52 female
7 122 40 male
[1] TRUE
[1] male male female female male female male
Levels: female male
Changing the Order of Levels
可以通过再次应用 factor 函数并指定新级别顺序来更改因子中级别的顺序。
data <- c("East","West","East","North","North","East","West",
"West","West","East","North")
# Create the factors
factor_data <- factor(data)
print(factor_data)
# Apply the factor function with required order of the level.
new_order_data <- factor(factor_data,levels = c("East","West","North"))
print(new_order_data)
当我们执行上述代码时,会产生以下结果 -
[1] East West East North North East West West West East North
Levels: East North West
[1] East West East North North East West West West East North
Levels: East West North