MySql 中文参考指南

1.2.1 What is MySQL?

MySQL 是最流行的开放源码 SQL 数据库管理系统，由甲骨文公司开发、分发和支持。

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.

MySQL 网站 ( http://www.mysql.com/) 提供了有关 MySQL 软件的最新信息。

The MySQL website (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest information about MySQL software.

  1. MySQL is a database management system.

数据库是一种结构化的数据集合。它可以是从简单的购物清单到图片库，或企业网络中的海量信息中的任何东西。要添加、访问和处理存储在计算机数据库中的数据，您需要一个数据库管理系统，例如 MySQL Server。由于计算机非常擅长处理大量数据，因此数据库管理系统在计算中扮演着核心角色，作为独立的实用程序或作为其他应用程序的一部分。

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a corporate network. To add, access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need a database management system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at handling large amounts of data, database management systems play a central role in computing, as standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.

  1. MySQL databases are relational.

关系数据库将数据存储在单独的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大型存储室中。数据库结构被组织成针对速度进行了优化的物理文件。逻辑模型具有数据库、表、视图、行和列等对象，提供了一个灵活的编程环境。您可以设定管理不同数据字段之间关系的规则，例如一对一、一对多、唯一、必需或可选，以及不同表之间的“指针”。数据库强制执行这些规则，因此，通过精心设计的数据库，您的应用程序永远不会看到不一致、重复、孤立、过时或丢失的数据。

A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data in one big storeroom. The database structures are organized into physical files optimized for speed. The logical model, with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and columns, offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules governing the relationships between different data fields, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, unique, required or optional, and “pointers” between different tables. The database enforces these rules, so that with a well-designed database, your application never sees inconsistent, duplicate, orphan, out-of-date, or missing data.

“MySQL” 的 SQL 部分表示“结构化查询语言”。SQL 是用于访问数据库的最常见的标准化语言。根据您的编程环境，您可以直接输入 SQL（例如，生成报告）、将 SQL 语句嵌入到用另一种语言编写的代码中，或使用一个隐藏了 SQL 语法的特定语言 API。

The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”. SQL is the most common standardized language used to access databases. Depending on your programming environment, you might enter SQL directly (for example, to generate reports), embed SQL statements into code written in another language, or use a language-specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

SQL 由 ANSI/ISO SQL 标准定义。SQL 标准自 1986 年以来一直在不断演变，并且有多个版本存在。在本手册中，“SQL-92” 指 1992 年发布的标准，“SQL:1999” 指 1999 年发布的标准，而“SQL:2003” 指当前版本的标准。我们使用短语“SQL 标准”来表示任何时候当前版本的 SQL 标准。

SQL is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been evolving since 1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, “SQL-92” refers to the standard released in 1992, “SQL:1999” refers to the standard released in 1999, and “SQL:2003” refers to the current version of the standard. We use the phrase “the SQL standard” to mean the current version of the SQL Standard at any time.

  1. MySQL software is Open Source.

开源意味着任何人皆可使用和修改软件。任何人都可以从互联网下载 MySQL 软件并免费使用。如果您愿意，可以研究源代码并根据自己的需要进行修改。MySQL 软件使用 GPL（GNU 通用公共许可证） http://www.fsf.org/licenses/来定义在不同情况下您能和不能对软件做什么。如果您对 GPL 不满意或需要将 MySQL 代码嵌入商业应用程序，您可以向我们购买商业许可版本。有关更多信息，请参阅 MySQL 授权概述 ( http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/)。

Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it without paying anything. If you wish, you may study the source code and change it to suit your needs. The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU General Public License), http://www.fsf.org/licenses/, to define what you may and may not do with the software in different situations. If you feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed MySQL code into a commercial application, you can buy a commercially licensed version from us. See the MySQL Licensing Overview for more information (http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/).

  1. The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use.

如果您正在寻找的就是这些，则您应该尝试一下。MySQL Server 可舒适地与其他应用程序、Web 服务器等一起在台式机或笔记本电脑上运行，几乎不需要关注。如果您将一台完整的机器专用于 MySQL，则可以调整设置以利用所有可用内存、CPU 能力和 I/O 容量。MySQL 还可以扩展到联网在一起的机器集群。

If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL Server can run comfortably on a desktop or laptop, alongside your other applications, web servers, and so on, requiring little or no attention. If you dedicate an entire machine to MySQL, you can adjust the settings to take advantage of all the memory, CPU power, and I/O capacity available. MySQL can also scale up to clusters of machines, networked together.

MySQL Server 最初是为了比现有解决方案更快地处理大型数据库而开发的，并且多年来已在要求很高的生产环境中成功使用。尽管不断发展，但现在的 MySQL Server 提供了一组丰富且实用的功能。其连接性、速度和安全性使 MySQL Server 非常适合访问互联网上的数据库。

MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding production environments for several years. Although under constant development, MySQL Server today offers a rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.

  1. MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

MySQL 数据库软件是一个客户端/服务器系统，它包含以下部分：支持不同后端的多分线程 SQL 服务器，几个不同的客户端程序和库，管理工具和多种应用程序编程接口 (API)。

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multithreaded SQL server that supports different back ends, several different client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).

我们还将 MySQL Server 作为可嵌入式多分线程库提供，您可以将其链接到应用程序中以获取更小、更快速、更易于管理的独立产品。

We also provide MySQL Server as an embedded multithreaded library that you can link into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier-to-manage standalone product.

  1. A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

MySQL Server 拥有一组切实可行的功能，与我们的用户紧密合作开发。很有可能您最喜欢的应用程序或语言支持 MySQL 数据库服务器。

MySQL Server has a practical set of features developed in close cooperation with our users. It is very likely that your favorite application or language supports the MySQL Database Server.

  1. HeatWave.

HeatWave 是一项完全托管的数据库服务，由 HeatWave 内存中查询加速器提供支持。这是唯一将事务、跨数据仓库和数据湖泊的实时分析以及机器学习整合到一个 MySQL 数据库中的云服务；而没有 ETL 复制的复杂性、延迟、风险和成本。它在 OCI、AWS 和 Azure 上可用。了解更多信息： https://www.oracle.com/mysql/。

HeatWave is a fully managed database service, powered by the HeatWave in-memory query accelerator. It is the only cloud service that combines transactions, real-time analytics across data warehouses and data lakes, and machine learning in one MySQL Database; without the complexity, latency, risks, and cost of ETL duplication. It is available on OCI, AWS, and Azure. Learn more at: https://www.oracle.com/mysql/.

“MySQL” 的官方发音是 “My Ess Que Ell”（而不是 “my sequel”），但如果你将其发音为 “my sequel” 或用其他本地化的方式发音，我们并不介意。

The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is “My Ess Que Ell” (not “my sequel”), but we do not mind if you pronounce it as “my sequel” or in some other localized way.