Internet Technologies 简明教程
Intranet Overview
Intranet
内部网被定义为组织内部拥有其自身服务器和防火墙的计算机专用网络。此外，我们可以将内部网定义为：
Intranet is defined as private network of computers within an organization with its own server and firewall. Moreover we can define Intranet as:
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Intranet is system in which multiple PCs are networked to be connected to each other. PCs in intranet are not available to the world outside of the intranet.
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Usually each company or organization has their own Intranet network and members/employees of that company can access the computers in their intranet.
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Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
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Each computer in Intranet is also identified by a IP Address, which is unique among the computers in that Intranet.
Benefits
内部网对任何组织来说都是一个非常高效且可靠的网络系统。它在协作、成本效益、安全性、生产力等各方面都有益。
Intranet is very efficient and reliable network system for any organization. It is beneficial in every aspect such as collaboration, cost-effectiveness, security, productivity and much more.
Communication
内部网在组织内部提供便捷且廉价的通信方式。员工可以使用聊天、电子邮件或博客进行交流。
Intranet offers easy and cheap communication within an organization. Employees can communicate using chat, e-mail or blogs.
Collaboration
信息根据需要在员工之间分配，并且授权用户可以访问信息，从而提升团队合作效率。
Information is distributed among the employees as according to requirement and it can be accessed by the authorized users, resulting in enhanced teamwork.
Platform Independency
内部网可以连接具有不同架构的计算机和其他设备。
Intranet can connect computers and other devices with different architecture.
Cost Effective
员工可以使用浏览器查看数据和其他文档，而不是打印它们并在员工中分发副本，这肯定会降低成本。
Employees can see the data and other documents using browser rather than printing them and distributing duplicate copies among the employees, which certainly decreases the cost.
Workforce Productivity
数据随时可用，并且可以使用公司工作站进行访问。这有助于员工更快地工作。
Data is available at every time and can be accessed using company workstation. This helps the employees work faster.
Business Management
也可以部署支持业务运营的应用程序。
It is also possible to deploy applications that support business operations.
Security
由于 Intranet 上共享的信息只能在一个组织内访问，因此几乎没有被盗的可能。
Since information shared on intranet can only be accessed within an organization, therefore there is almost no chance of being theft.
Issues
除了 Intranet 的一些好处外，还存在一些问题。这些问题显示在下面的图表中：
Apart from several benefits of Intranet, there also exist some issues.. These issues are shown in the following diagram:
Applications of Intranet
Intranet 应用程序与 Internet 应用程序相同。Intranet 应用程序也可以通过 Web 浏览器访问。唯一区别在于，Intranet 应用程序驻留在本地服务器上，而 Internet 应用程序驻留在远程服务器上。在这里，我们讨论了其中一些应用程序：
Intranet applications are same as that of Internet applications. Intranet applications are also accessed through a web browser. The only difference is that, Intranet applications reside on local server while Internet applications reside on remote server. Here, we’ve discussed some of these applications:
Document publication applications
文档发布应用程序允许发布文档，如手册、软件指南、员工利润等，而无需使用纸张。
Document publication applications allow publishing documents such as manuals, software guide, employee profits etc without use of paper.
Electronic resources applications
它提供电子资源，如软件应用程序、模板和工具，以便在网络上共享。
It offers electronic resources such as software applications, templates and tools, to be shared across the network.
Internet vs. Intranet
除了相似之处之外，两者还有一些不同之处。以下是 Internet 和 Intranet 之间の違い：
Apart from similarities there are some differences between the two. Following are the differences between Internet and Intranet:
Intranet |
Internet |
Localized Network. |
Worldwide Network |
Doesn’t have access to Intranet |
Have access to Internet. |
More Expensive |
Less Expensive |
More Safe |
Less Safe |
More Reliability |
Less Reliability |
Characteristics of Intranet
Intranet 的一些关键特征如下所述：
Some of the key Characteristics of an Intranet are as follows −
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Effective for Internal Communication − An intranet is a dedicated private network to disseminate information within the organization.
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Collaboration Tools − Intranets specifically designed to perform collaborative work like project management systems, shared workspaces, and collaborative document editing.
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Document management − The intranet keeps company records in a central place, and organizes, and shares documents.
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Employee directory − The intranet keeps employees' information contact.
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Security − An intranet incorporates security features such as user authentication, encryption, and access controls to secure data/information and the company’s strategic information.
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Scalability − Intranets are scalable to meet the changing needs of an organization.
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Low-Cost Mechanism − The intranet is a low-cost alternative for internal communication and collaboration that eliminates the need for actual meetings and printed information.
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Remote Access − Allows authenticated users to connect to the intranet remotely.
How does the Intranet Work?
内部网的工作取决于连接到其网络的不同组件。它基于客户端-服务器架构工作。下面提到的下图说明了它的工作原理。
The working of an Intranet depends on different components attached to its network. It works on client-server-based architecture. The below-mentioned diagram below describes its working.
Client
PC1、PC2 和高达 PCn 是组织的不同用户；这些可以被视为向服务器发送请求的公司员工。
PC1, PC2 and up to PCn are the different users of an organisation; these can considered as employees of the company who send requests to the server.
Server
这是一种超级计算机，它接收来自与内部网连接的多个用户的请求。它处理多个请求，存储组织数据，并制作文件和文档的中心存储库，以便在需要时分配给用户。
It is a kind of supercomputer which receives requests from multiple uses connected with the intranet. It processes multiple requests stores organisations' data and makes a central repository of files and documents to disseminate amongst users as and when required.
Types of Intranets
一些最常见的内部网络类型如下所列 -
Some most common types of intranets are as follows −
Corporate Intranet
一般而言，大型组织会建立企业内部网，以提供企业信息并在其员工和受信任的外部用户之间共享其资源。它包括公司新闻、政策、目录，以及用于协作和通信的工具。
Generally, a Corporate Intranet is set by large organisations to provide corporate information and share its resources amongst its employees and trusted outside users. It includes company news, policies, directories, and tools for collaboration and communication.
Collaboration Intranet
协作内部网侧重于提高团队合作和协作。其显著特征是共享的工作空间、协作的文档编辑，以及项目管理。
The Collaboration Intranet focuses on improving teamwork and collaboration. Its salient features are shared workspaces, collaborative document editing, and project management.
Project-based Intranet
此内部网专门设计为针对某个组织内指定的特定项目进行工作。它包括项目文档、截止日期、任务管理工具，以及通信渠道。
This intranet is specifically designed to work on specific projects dedicated within an organization. It includes project documentation, deadlines, task management tools, and communication channels.
Social Intranet
社交内部网专门设计用于在员工之间进行社交互动和协作。其显著特征包括社交网络工具、论坛、聊天、博客和维基。
A social intranet is specifically designed to do social interaction and collaboration among employees. Its salient features include social networking tools, forums, chat, blogs, and wikis.
Advantages of using Intranet
使用内部网的一些潜在好处包括以下内容 -
Some potential benefits of using an intranet include the following −
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Effective communication − provides centralised information sharing and collaboration.
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Simplified records management − All the business information or documents are available centrally.
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Streamlined tracking of requests − A transparent system allows keeping track of requests.
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Open system − It offers an open forum to share innovative ideas to implement on a company’s site.
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Encourages participation and interaction − It promotes a business culture that values employees which encourages participation and interaction.
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Enhanced data security − Intranet provides a secure platform for sharing sensitive information.