Android 简明教程

Android - UI Testing

Android SDK 提供以下工具来支持对您的应用程序进行自动化、功能性 UI 测试。

Android SDK provides the following tools to support automated, functional UI testing on your application.

uiautomatorviewer
uiautomator

uiautomatorviewer

一种 GUI 工具，用于扫描和分析 Android 应用程序的 UI 组件。

A GUI tool to scan and analyse the UI components of an Android application.

uiautomatorviewer 工具提供了一个方便的视觉界面来检查布局层次结构，以及查看测试设备上显示的各个 UI 组件的属性。利用这些信息，您稍后可以使用选择器对象（它们针对特定 UI 组件进行测试）来创建 uiautomator 测试。

The uiautomatorviewer tool provides a convenient visual interface to inspect the layout hierarchy and view the properties of the individual UI components that are displayed on the test device. Using this information, you can later create uiautomator tests with selector objects that target specific UI components to test.

要分析您想要测试的应用程序的 UI 组件，请在安装了示例给出的应用程序后执行以下步骤。

To analyse the UI components of the application that you want to test, perform the following steps after installing the application given in the example.

Connect your Android device to your development machine
Open a terminal window and navigate to <android-sdk>/tools/
Run the tool with this command

uiautomatorviewer

按照以下方式执行命令

Commands would be followed as shown below

您将看到以下窗口出现。这是 UI Automator 查看器的默认窗口。

You will see the following window appear. It is the default window of the UI Automator Viewer.

Click on the devices icon at the top right corner. It will start taking the UI XML snapshot of the screen currently opened in the device. It would be something like this.

之后，您将在 uiautomatorviewer 窗口中看到您的设备屏幕快照。

After that, you will see the snapshot of your device screen in the uiautomatorviewer window.

在这个窗口的右侧，您将看到两个分区。上部分说明了节点结构、UI 组件的排列和包含方式。单击每个节点会在下部分中提供详细说明。

On the right side of this window, you will see two partitions. The upper partition explains the Nodes structure, the way the UI components are arranged and contained. Clicking on each node gives detail in the lower partition.

作为示例，考虑以下图片。当您单击按钮时，您可以在上部分中看到 Button 已被选中，其详细信息显示在下部分中。由于此按钮可单击，因此其单击属性被设为 true。

As an example, consider the below figure. When you click on the button, you can see in the upper partition that Button is selected, and in the lower partition, its details are shown. Since this button is click able, that’s why its property of click able is set to true.

UI Automator 查看器还帮助您以不同的方向检查您的 UI。例如，只需将您的设备方向更改为横向，然后再次截取屏幕截图。它显示在以下图片中 −

UI Automator Viewer also helps you to examine your UI in different orientations. For example, just change your device orientation to landscape, and again capture the screen shot. It is shown in the figure below −

uiautomator

现在您可以创建您自己的测试用例，并使用 uiautomatorviewer 运行该测试用例来检查它。为了创建您自己的测试用例，您需要执行以下步骤 −

Now you can create your own test cases and run it with uiautomatorviewer to examine them. In order to create your own test case, you need to perform the following steps −

From the Project Explorer, right-click on the new project that you created, then select Properties > Java Build Path, and do the following −
Click Add Library > JUnit then select JUnit3 to add JUnit support.
Click Add External JARs… and navigate to the SDK directory. Under the platforms directory, select the latest SDK version and add both the uiautomator.jar and android.jar files.
Extend your class with UiAutomatorTestCase
Right the necessary test cases.
Once you have coded your test, follow these steps to build and deploy your test JAR to your target Android test device.
Create the required build configuration files to build the output JAR. To generate the build configuration files, open a terminal and run the following command:

<android-sdk>/tools/android create uitest-project -n <name> -t 1 -p <path>

The <name> is the name of the project that contains your uiautomator test source files, and the <path> is the path to the corresponding project directory.
From the command line, set the ANDROID_HOME variable.

set ANDROID_HOME=<path_to_your_sdk>

Go to the project directory where your build.xml file is located and build your test JAR.

ant build

Deploy your generated test JAR file to the test device by using the adb push command.

adb push <path_to_output_jar> /data/local/tmp/

Run your test by following command −

adb shell uiautomator runtest LaunchSettings.jar -c com.uia.example.my.LaunchSettings

Example

以下示例演示了 UITesting 的使用方法。它创建了一个基本应用程序，可用于 uiautomatorviewer。

The below example demonstrates the use of UITesting. It crates a basic application which can be used for uiautomatorviewer.

要试验此示例，需要在实际设备上运行此应用程序，然后按照一开始说明的 uiautomatorviewer 步骤进行操作。

To experiment with this example, you need to run this on an actual device and then follow the uiautomatorviewer steps explained in the beginning.

Steps	Description
1	You will use Android studio to create an Android application under a package com.tutorialspoint.myapplication.
2	Modify src/MainActivity.java file to add Activity code.
3	Modify layout XML file res/layout/activity_main.xml add any GUI component if required.
4	Create src/second.java file to add Activity code.
5	Modify layout XML file res/layout/view.xml add any GUI component if required.
6	Run the application and choose a running android device and install the application on it and verify the results.

以下是 MainActivity.java 的内容。

Here is the content of MainActivity.java.

package com.tutorialspoint.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
   Button b1;

   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

      b1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
      b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onClick(View v) {
            Intent in =new Intent(MainActivity.this,second.class);
            startActivity(in);
         }
      });
   }
}

以下是 second.java 的内容。

Here is the content of second.java.

package com.tutorialspoint.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class second extends Activity {
   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.view);
      Button b1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);

      b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onClick(View v) {
            Toast.makeText(second.this,"Thanks",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
         }
      });
   }
}

以下是 activity_main.xml 的内容。

Here is the content of activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
   android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
   android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
   android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">

   <TextView
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="UI Animator Viewer"
      android:id="@+id/textView"
      android:textSize="25sp"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

   <TextView
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="Tutorials point"
      android:id="@+id/textView2"
      android:layout_below="@+id/textView"
      android:layout_alignRight="@+id/textView"
      android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/textView"
      android:textColor="#ff36ff15"
      android:textIsSelectable="false"
      android:textSize="35dp" />

   <ImageView
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:id="@+id/imageView"
      android:src="@drawable/abc"
      android:layout_below="@+id/textView2"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

   <Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="Button"
      android:id="@+id/button"
      android:layout_marginTop="98dp"
      android:layout_below="@+id/imageView"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

</RelativeLayout>

以下是 view.xml 的内容。

Here is the content of view.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent">

   <Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text=" Button"
      android:id="@+id/button2"
      android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
      android:layout_centerVertical="true"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />
</RelativeLayout>

以下是 Strings.xml 的内容。

Here is the content of Strings.xml.

<resources>
   <string name="app_name">My Application</string>
</resources>

以下是 AndroidManifest.xml 的内容。

Here is the content of AndroidManifest.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   package="com.tutorialspoint.myapplication" >

   <application
      android:allowBackup="true"
      android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
      android:label="@string/app_name"
      android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >

      <activity
         android:name=".MainActivity"
         android:label="@string/app_name" >

         <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
         </intent-filter>

      </activity>

      <activity android:name=".second"></activity>

   </application>
</manifest>

我们尝试运行 UI 测试应用程序。我假设你已经将实际的 Android 移动设备连接到了你的电脑。要从 Android studio 运行该应用程序，请打开项目的一个活动文件，然后单击工具栏中的“运行”图标。在启动应用程序之前，Android studio 将显示以下窗口，用于选择要在其中运行 Android 应用程序的选项。

Let’s try to run your UI Testing application. I assume you have connected your actual Android Mobile device with your computer. To run the app from Android studio, open one of your project’s activity files and click Run icon from the tool bar. Before starting your application, Android studio will display following window to select an option where you want to run your Android application.

选择你的移动设备作为选项，然后检查将显示应用程序屏幕的移动设备。现在，只需按照 UI 自动化查看器部分顶部的步骤执行操作，即可对该应用程序执行 UI 测试。

Select your mobile device as an option and then check your mobile device which will display application screen. Now just follow the steps mentioned at the top under the ui automator viewer section in order to perform ui testing on this application.