Design Thinking 简明教程
Design Thinking - Applications
设计思考在各种职业中都有应用。从体育、教育和研究到商业、管理和设计，世界各地的专业人士广泛使用设计思考。
Design thinking finds its application across a variety of professions. From sports, education and research to business, management and design, design thinking is widely used by professionals around the globe.
设计思考处于 analytical thinking 和 intuitive thinking 之间。分析性思维涉及纯粹的 deductive reasoning 和 inductive logical reasoning ，这些思维使用定量方法来得出结论。但是，直觉思维是指在没有任何推理的情况下了解某事。
Design thinking is halfway between analytical thinking and intuitive thinking. Analytical thinking involves purely deductive reasoning and inductive logical reasoning that utilize quantitative methodologies to come to conclusions. However, intuitive thinking refers to knowing something without any kind of reasoning.
这是两种极端的思维方式。设计思考以最佳方式利用了这两个极端。直觉思维有助于发明未来，而分析性思维则有助于创造可复制的、有创意的当下事物。使用这些未来解决方案的意愿被称为 abductive logic 。
These are two extreme kinds of thinking. Design thinking makes use of both the extremes in an optimum manner. The intuitive thinking helps in invention for the future, whereas analytical thinking to create something creative in the present, which is replicable. The willingness to use these futuristic solutions is what is called abductive logic.
Business
设计思考通过优化产品创建、营销和合同续约的过程，帮助企业发展。所有这些过程都需要公司以客户为中心，因此设计思考在这些过程中提供了极大的帮助。设计思考帮助设计思考者培养对客户的深刻同理心，并创造出完全满足其需求的解决方案。解决方案并不是仅仅出于技术的目的。
Design thinking helps in businesses by optimizing the process of product creation, marketing, and renewal of contracts. All these processes require a companywide focus on the customer and hence, design thinking helps in these processes immensely. Design thinking helps the design thinkers to develop deep empathy for their customers and to create solutions that match their needs exactly. The solutions are not delivered just for the sake of technology.
Information Technology
IT 行业制造了许多需要试用和概念验证的产品。该行业需要与用户产生共鸣，而不仅仅是部署技术。IT 不仅与技术或产品有关，还与流程有关。开发人员、分析员、顾问和经理必须对解决客户问题的可能想法进行头脑风暴。这就是设计思考提供极大帮助的地方。
The IT industry makes a lot of products that require trials and proof of concepts. The industry needs to empathize with its users and not simply deploy technologies. IT is not only about technology or products, but also its processes. The developers, analysts, consultants, and managers have to brainstorm on possible ideas for solving the problems of the clients. This is where design thinking helps a lot.
Education
教育部门可以通过从学生那里获得对其在课堂上遇到的要求、目标和挑战的反馈，从而充分利用设计思考。通过开展反馈工作，教师可以提出解决方案来应对学生面临的挑战。
The education sector can make the best use of design thinking by taking feedback from students on their requirements, goals and challenges they are facing in the classroom. By working on their feedback, the instructors can come up with solutions to address their challenges.
例如，来自纽约的二年级教师迈克尔·舒尔（Michael Schurr）意识到，如果公告栏降低，他的学生会更自在。他还发现为学生创造舒适的半私人工作空间的想法不错，因为它为他们提供了学习空间。因此，他的学生更加投入，并且可以自由行动。
For example, Michael Schurr, a 2nd grade instructor from New York, realized that his students would be more comfortable with bulletin boards lowered. He also found the idea of creating comfortable semi-private space for working students as it provided them space to study. As a result, his students became more engaged and felt free to move.
Healthcare
设计思考还有助于医疗保健。政府在医疗保健上的支出和医疗保健设施的成本日益增长。世界各地的专家都关心如何以低成本为人们提供高质量的医疗保健。
Design thinking helps in healthcare as well. The expenditure on healthcare by the government and the cost of healthcare facilities is growing by the day. Experts worldwide are concerned about how to bring quality healthcare to people at low cost.
加利福尼亚州威尼斯市的威尼斯家庭诊所已经为开设一家服务于低收入家庭的低成本儿童诊所的挑战提出了创新解决方案。必须解决资金、交通和语言障碍的问题。而且所有这些都必须为贫困儿童提供低成本服务。在不影响可持续性的情况下，促进健康和利润是一项挑战。使用设计思考，解决了系统中的低效率和长期危机。
Venice Family Clinic in Venice, California has come up with innovative solutions to the challenge of opening a low-cost children’s clinic to serve the low-income families. Problems of finance, transportation, and language barriers had to be solved. And all this had to be done at low cost for the poor kids. Fostering good health along with profits was a challenge, as it does not sound sustainable. Using design thinking, the inefficiencies in the system and the perennial crises were addressed.
随后是为儿童服务的令人惊叹的创新。他们如何解决各种问题将在本教程的后面章节中看到。
This was followed by mind-blowing innovations to serve the children. How they solved the various issues will be seen in the later sections of the tutorial.