Design Thinking 简明教程

Design Thinking - Convergent

收敛思维与发散思维完全相反。“收敛思维”一词是由 J. P. Guilford 于 1956 年创造的。收敛思维的概念要求设计思维者在发散思维中思考所有可能的解决方案，并找出正确的解决方案。这种收敛到一个解决方案或有限数量的解决方案的混合体是收敛思维的本质。

Convergent thinking is exactly opposite of what divergent thinking is. The term ‘Convergent Thinking’ was coined by Joy Paul Guilford in 1956. The concept of convergent thinking requires the design thinker to go through all the possible solutions thought during divergent thinking and come up with a correct solution. This convergence on a single solution or a mix of limited number of solutions is the essence of convergence thinking.

收敛思维是思维者通常应该针对一个问题想出一个单一的、经过充分验证的最佳解决方案的一种思维类型。这一个步骤为问题陈述提供了最佳且具体的解决方案，考虑到了问题陈述中指定的所有因素和要求。

Convergent thinking is the type of thinking in which a thinker is generally supposed to come up with a single well-established best-possible solution to a problem. This step delivers the best and a concrete solution to a problem statement, taking into account all the factors and requirements specified in the problem statement.

收敛思维要求速度、准确性、效率、逻辑推理和技术。一个思维者应该识别模式、重新应用一些技术，并积累和组织存储的信息。

Convergent thinking requires speed, accuracy, efficiency, logical reasoning, and techniques. A thinker is supposed to recognize the patterns, reapply a few techniques, and accumulate and organize the stored information.

Aspects of Convergent Thinking

收敛思维的主要方面是它应该帮助我们做决定。发散思维过程中想到的想法在收敛思维阶段要么被认为是可能的，要么被认为是不可能的。

The principle aspect of convergent thinking is that it should help us arrive at a singlebest answer without any room for ambiguity. The ideas thought of in the process of divergent thinking are either considered to be possible or impossible in convergent thinking phase.

收敛思维的另一个重要方面是它依赖于判断。发散思维要求思维者暂停判断。收敛思维鼓励思维者运用判断力。

Another important aspect of convergent thinking is that judgment is an important part of this process. Divergent thinking requires thinkers to suspend judgment. Convergent thinking encourages thinkers to apply the power of judgment.

让我们看看发散思维练习，并开始对它应用收敛思维

Let’s look at the exercise of divergent thinking and start applying convergent thinking on it

我们在发散思维练习中得到了以下想法。

We got the following ideas in the divergent thinking exercise.

  1. Elimination of knowledge transfer program.

  2. Having a single instructor for knowledge transfer program in a classroom session.

  3. Preparing a document for knowledge transfer program.

  4. Making it mandatory for employees to search for knowledge resources online.

  5. Hiring only those employees who are experienced enough and who don’t need knowledge transfer.

现在，根据五个想法可以很容易地说，选项 1 是不可行的。并非每个员工都了解公司的工具和技术，因此不能指望他们在没有知识转移的情况下能够生存。

Now, looking at the five ideas, it can be easily said that option 1 is not feasible. Every employee does not have an idea of a company’s tools and techniques and hence, cannot be expected to survive without knowledge transfer.

出于同样的原因，选项 5 也是不可接受的。新员工很少了解公司最佳实践，假设员工知识水平是一个巨大的错误。为新员工提供知识转移培训被认为是一项良好的 HR 实践。

For the same reason, option 5 is also not acceptable. The best practices of a company are seldom known to new employees and taking an assumption about an employee’s knowledge level is a huge mistake. It is considered to be a good HR practice to have knowledge transfer session for new employees.

如果我们选择选项 4，我们无法确定新员工的学习进度。每个员工掌握概念需要的时间可能不同。在线搜索资料并阅读资料本身就是一项开销，而且无法监控。

If we go by option 4, we are not assured of the pace at which learning will happen for the new employees. Each employee can take variable amount of time to grasp the concepts. The time taken to search materials online and read them is an overhead in itself and it cannot be monitored.

因此，剩下的两个更好的选项是选项 2 和选项 3。但是，无法正确估计文档用于知识转移的有效性。它类似于在线阅读材料。因此，最好的选择是让讲师在课堂教学计划中向员工授课。

Hence, the two better options that remain are option 2 and option 3. However, one cannot correctly estimate the effectiveness of a document for knowledge transfer. It is similar to reading materials online. Hence, the best option available is to have an instructor teaching employees in a classroom program.

虽然员工有时无法获得个性化关注，但可以通过平衡好小组人数和课堂授课时长的关系，这可能是降低成本和开销的最佳选择。讲师人数的减少将导致 DT 开支减少，同时有偿讲师的有效性仍将保持，使知识转移过程像以前一样有效。

Although, the employees won’t get personal attention at times, yet by maintaining a fine balance between the strength of the batch and the length of class, this can be the best option to reduce cost and overhead. The reduction in the number of instructors will lead to less expenditure for DT and at the same time, the effectiveness of a paid instructor will remain, making the process of knowledge transfer as effective as before.

这就是收敛思维的作用。

This is how convergent thinking comes into picture.