Design Thinking 简明教程
Design Thinking - Health Care Industry
设计思维已被证明是医疗保健中非常有用的工具。医疗保健是一个有很多流程和很多创新空间的领域。每天都会出现新颖的技术，以改善世界各国的医疗保健状况。医疗保健的最终用户永远是那些需要和应得最佳医疗保健设施的人。
Design thinking has proven to be a very useful tool for healthcare. Healthcare is one area where there are a lot of processes in place and a lot of scope for innovation. On a daily basis, new innovative techniques are coming up to improve the healthcare condition of the countries across the world. The end users of healthcare are always those who need and deserve the best healthcare facilities.
设计思维肯定可以帮助医疗保健专家找到困扰医疗保健体系的解决方案。对每个医疗保健专家来说，基本的问题是“如何为每个人提供低廉且负担得起的优质医疗保健？”
Design thinking can certainly help the healthcare experts to come up with solutions that plague the healthcare system. The basic question for every healthcare expert is ‘how to provide quality healthcare at low and affordable prices to everyone?’
Case Study - Venice Family Clinic
前几节中引用的 Venice Family Clinic 的示例是最值得引用示例。Venice Family Clinic 的创新者发现，赛车场的维修人员以协调一致的方式工作，以节省每一秒钟。他们认为如果这种模式可以在诊所的接待区复制。然后他们提出了让接待移动的想法。这个想法是让某人带着 iPad 或平板电脑走到患者面前，并单独欢迎每位患者。
The example of Venice Family Clinic, cited in one of the earlier sections, is the best example to be quoted. The innovators at Venice Family Clinic found that the pit crews at auto races worked in a coordinated manner to save every fraction of a second. They thought if this model could be replicated in the reception area of the clinic. They then came up with the idea of making the reception mobile. The idea was to have someone walk up with an iPad or a tablet to the patient and welcome each of the patients individually.
他们与帕萨迪纳的艺术中心设计学院和托伦斯的 Houston/Tyner 建筑公司进行了合作，并且在未来儿童诊所的区域内模拟了整个想法。医疗保健提供者和运营人员实际上可以轻松地四处走动并扮演各自的角色。
They collaborated with the Art Centre College of Design in Pasadena and architects from Houston/Tyner in Torrance, and they simulated the entire idea in the area of a future children’s clinic. The healthcare providers and operation staff could actually move about easily and play their respective roles.
Case study - Eric Duncan
德克萨斯健康长老会医院达拉斯分院的急诊部门观察到了类似的经历，一位名叫艾瑞克•邓肯的患者报告了低度发烧、眩晕和疼痛等症状。他后来被诊断出患有埃博拉病毒。当他第一次被诊断出时，医生们怎么会没有看出埃博拉病毒的症状呢？电子健康记录（EHR）也受到了检查，发现没有问题。
A similar experience was observed in the emergency department of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, where a patient called Eric Duncan reported with a few symptoms like low-grade fever, dizziness, and pain. He was later diagnosed with Ebola. How could the doctors miss the symptoms of Ebola when he was first diagnosed? The Electronic Health Record (EHR) was checked and was found to be flawless too.
问题在于 EHR 系统仅在患者遵循 EHR 工作方式时才会起作用。因此，EHR 中的主要缺陷在于它的工程设计。现在重点在于了解系统可能如何被使用，然后根据这种理解创建该系统。
The problem was that the EHR system worked only when the patients conformed the way they worked to the way EHR worked. The major flaw, hence, in EHR was that it was engineered. Now stress was put on gaining an understanding of how a system is likely to be used and then create the system in accordance with that understanding.
Case Study - Access to Clean Water
根据 IDEO 首席执行官蒂姆•布朗的说法，设计思维在医疗保健领域非常重要。在一次 TEDMED 演讲中，他问道，如何让农村地区的人们更好地获得干净的饮用水，同时为当地供水商带来创新。他的团队与印度 11 家供水商合作，集思广益讨论了如何在供水中带来创新。
According to Tim Brown, the CEO of IDEO, design thinking in healthcare is important. In one of TEDMED talks, he asked how can there be better access to clean drinking water for people from rural areas and at the same time, usher in innovation for local water providers. His team teamed with 11 water providers across India, brainstormed on how to bring innovation in water supply.
在供应商之间举行了一场比赛。其中五家供应商获得了对其想法的种子基金，这有助于购买新车辆、新设备等。在印度的另一个案例中，一家非政府组织发现，通过更好的水过滤系统和良好的运输设施，干净水的订阅量增加了四倍。这些例子说明了设计思维如何能够在医疗保健领域提供帮助。
A competition was held amongst the providers. Five of these providers were provided seed funding for their ideas and this helped in buying new vehicles, new equipment, etc. In another case, in India, an NGO found that with better water filtration systems and good transport facilities, the subscription to clean water increased fourfold. These examples show how design thinking can help in healthcare.