Design Thinking 简明教程

Design Thinking - Conclusion

设计思维的概念可以应用于各个学科。从教育、法律和医学到 ICT、企业管理、人力资源管理和设计本身，设计思维原则使专业人士能够以循序渐进的方式处理问题陈述，并考虑到得出最佳解决办法的所有必要因素。

The concept of design thinking can be applied across diverse disciplines. From education, law, and medicine to ICT, business management, human resource management and design itself, design thinking principles enable and empower a professional to approach the problem statement in a step-by-step manner and take into account all the necessary factors for arriving at the best solution.

设计思维的基础建立于分析和综合的概念上。分析教给思考者如何将大型问题陈述分解为更小的部分和问题陈述。然后研究每一个基本问题陈述并尝试解决。综合是将所有提出的解决办法组合在一起，形成一个连贯而宏大的最终解决办法。

Design thinking has its foundation in the concept of analysis and synthesis. Analysis teaches a thinker how to break down the big problem statement into smaller parts and problem statements. Each elementary problem statement is then studied and attempted for solution. Synthesis is done to put all the suggested solutions together to form a coherent big final solution.

在分析过程中， divergent thinking 得到应用，并针对每一个基本问题陈述构思出多种解决办法。提出的解决办法不必是可行或有效的。发散思维的主要目的是尽可能多地提出想法。

During analysis, divergent thinking is applied and multiple solutions are thought for each of the elementary problem statements. The suggested solutions need not be feasible or viable. The main aim of divergent thinking is to bring up as many ideas as possible to the table.

发散思维之后是 convergent thinking ，其中根据可行性、有效性和创新性对提出的想法进行测试。综合借助聚合思维来提出最终的最佳可能解决办法。

Divergent thinking is followed by convergent thinking, where the suggested ideas are tested on the grounds of feasibility, viability, and innovation. Synthesis takes the help of convergent thinking to come up with the final best possible solution.

设计思维的整个流程通常分为五个部分。这些部分是 −

The entire flow of design thinking is generally broken down into five components. These components are −

  1. Empathize or Understand

  2. Define

  3. Ideate

  4. Prototype

  5. Test or Verify

在 Empathize stage 中，设计思维者设身处地为终端用户着想，并尝试了解客户的需求。需要大量的访谈、实地考察等来收集有关需求的信息。此阶段让客户直接参与设计思维过程。

In Empathize stage, the design thinker puts himself or herself into the shoes of the end user and tries to understand the needs of the customer. A lot of interview, field visits, etc. are required for gathering the information on the requirements. This phase has the customer directly involved in the design thinking process.

一旦需求明确， Define stage 有助于构建问题定义。问题成型本身就发生在这个阶段。

Once the requirements are clear, the Define stage helps to frame the problem definition. Problem shaping occurs in this phase itself.

在 Ideate phase 中，设计思维者集思广益，思考他人提出的想法，并提出自己的想法。不根据可行性或有效性对想法进行测试。

In the Ideate phase, a design thinker brainstorms on the ideas suggested by others and also brings forward his/her own ideas. The ideas are not tested on the grounds of feasibility or viability.

想法的涌入以思维导图、故事板或文档的形式表示。原型阶段，设计思维者专注于根据可行性和有效性测试想法。不可行想法被废弃，可行的想法被转换为原型。原型制作过程帮助设计思维者了解与想法相关的问题，这是以前从未想过的。这有助于设计思维者团队提出最佳原型并确定手头的最佳解决办法。此外，客户直接参与此阶段，其反馈对于设计思维者至关重要。

The influx of ideas is represented as a mind map or as a storyboard or a document. In the Prototype phase, a design thinker focuses on testing the ideas on the grounds of feasibility and viability. The unfeasible ideas are discarded and the feasible ones are converted to prototypes. The process of prototyping helps the design thinker to understand the issues related to an idea, which were never thought before. This helps the team of design thinkers to come up with the best prototype and decide the best solution at hand. Moreover, the customer is directly involved in this phase and its feedback is critical for the design thinkers.

在 Test phase 中，原型或 model is presented to the customer 由客户完全大规模体验。最终用户的反馈判断设计思考者建议的解决方案是否富有成效。如果最终用户不认可该解决方案，则必须对整个过程进行迭代。因此， iteration 的概念对于设计思考的过程至关重要。

In the Test phase, the prototype or the model is presented to the customer and the customer experiences it completely on a full scale. The feedback from the end user decides whether the solution suggested by the design thinkers has been fruitful or not. If the end user does not approve of the solution, then the entire process has to be iterated. The concept of iteration is hence central to the process of design thinking.

设计思考不仅有助于提出创新解决方案，还有助于解决客户面临的确切问题，并以最佳方式满足客户需求。

Design thinking not only helps to come up with innovative solutions, but also helps to address the exact problems faced by the customer and target the customer’s requirements in the best possible manner.