Design Thinking 简明教程

Design Thinking - Definition

在科学中以简化的方式使用设计作为解决复杂问题的方法的想法源于赫伯特·A·西蒙在 1969 年撰写的《人工科学》一书。罗伯特·麦克金在 1973 年撰写的《视觉思维体验》一书为设计工程实现了同样的目的。

The idea of using design as a way of solving complex problems in a simplified manner in sciences originated in the book, ‘The Sciences of the Artificial’, authored by Herbert A.Simon in 1969. The same purpose was achieved for design engineering by the book ‘Experiences in Visual Thinking’, authored by Robert McKim in 1973.

1987 年， Peter Rowe’s book titled, “Design Thinking” 描述了规划师、设计师和建筑师使用的方法和途径。在 20 世纪 80 年代至 90 年代，罗尔夫·法斯特在斯坦福大学巩固了罗伯特·麦克金的工作，然后大卫·M·凯利将设计思维调整为商业利益。大卫·M·凯利于 1991 年创立了IDEO。

In 1987, Peter Rowe’s book titled, “Design Thinking” described methods and approaches that planners, designers, and architects use. The work of Robert McKim was consolidated by Rolf Faste at Stanford University during 1980s to 1990s and then, David M. Kelly adapted design thinking for business interests. David M. Kelly founded IDEO in 1991.

大多数试图解决客户问题和满足其需求的行业都失败了，仅仅是因为他们从外部看待问题。然而，如果我们从内部看待问题，许多问题都可以得到更好的解决。

Most of the industries trying to solve customers’ problems and address their needs are failing just because they look at the problems outside in. However, many problems can be solved in a better manner if we look at them inside out.

据《福布斯》杂志的一篇文章称，世界各地的组织面临着大量问题，这些问题是多方面的，并且是日益复杂的业务模式的一部分。全球交易的扩张、国际合作伙伴关系的增长和人员资源的去中心化基础导致了需要全球视野，因此需要不同的视角来解决。

According to an article in Forbes, a large number of problems faced by organizations worldwide are multi-faceted and are a part of increasingly complex business models. The expansion of global transactions, growth of international partnerships and decentralized base of human resources are leading to challenges that require a global outlook and hence, a different outlook to solve the problems.

Features of Design Thinking

此类问题需要多维解决方案。设计思维在这方面提供帮助。它不仅可以帮助专业人士提出解决方案，还可以帮助组织获得相对于竞争对手的竞争优势。以下是设计思维带来的好处。顺便说一下，这些也是设计思维的显着特征。

Such problems require multidimensional solutions. Design thinking helps in this regard. It not only assists a professional to come up with a solution, but it also helps the organization to gain a competitive edge over its rivals. Following are the benefits conferred by design thinking. These are incidentally also the distinguishing features of design thinking.

  1. Finding simplicity in complexities.

  2. Having a beautiful and aesthetically appealing product.

  3. Improving clients’ and end user’s quality of experience.

  4. Creating innovative, feasible, and viable solutions to real world problems.

  5. Addressing the actual requirements of the end users.

世界上大多数挑战之所以没有得到解决，是因为试图解决这些问题的人过于关注问题陈述。在其他时候，问题陈述被忽视，而解决问题的压力太大。

Most of the challenges in the world do not get solved because people trying to address those problems focus too much on the problem statement. At other times, the problem statement is overlooked and there is too much stress to find a solution.

设计思维有助于 gain a balance between the problem statement and the solution 发展。面向设计的思维方式不是以问题为中心，而是以解决方案为中心和以行动为导向。它必须同时涉及分析和想象力。设计思维是借助设计解决问题和解决问题情况的方法。

Design thinking helps to gain a balance between the problem statement and the solution developed. A design-oriented mindset is not problem focused, but solution focused and action oriented. It has to involve both analysis and imagination. Design thinking is the way of resolving issues and dissolving problematic situations by the help of design.

Strategy of Innovation

设计思维也被认为是一种创新战略。它能极大地促进创新。这就是设计思维形成 core of effective strategy development and seamless organizational change 的原因。涉及人类交互的任何事物，从产品、服务、流程等，都可以通过设计思维得到改进。这完全取决于设计者创造、管理、领导和创新的方式。

Design thinking is also considered to be a strategy for innovation. It leads to dramatic improvements in innovation. This is why design thinking forms the core of effective strategy development and seamless organizational change. Anything that involves human interaction, from products, services, processes etc., can be improved through design thinking. It all depends on the designer’s way to create, manage, lead, and innovate.

Use of Design Thinking

设计思维的基本原则是创新可以被规范的。创新不是只有少数天才才能体验到的难以捉摸的实体。相反，它是一种可以通过一组实用且细致的工具、方法和框架系统性地实现的做法。

The basic principle of design thinking is that innovation can be disciplined. Innovation is not an elusive entity that only a few genius people can experience. It is, rather, a practice that can be systematically approached by a set of practical and meticulous tools, methodologies, and frameworks.

设计思维能帮助你学习以下内容。

Design thinking helps you learn the following.

  1. How to optimize the ability to innovate?

  2. How to develop a variety of concepts, products, services, processes, etc. for endusers?

  3. How to leverage the diverse ideas of innovation?

  4. How to convert useful data, individual insights and vague ideas into feasible reality?

  5. How to connect with the customers and end-users by targeting their actual requirements?

  6. How to use the different tools used by designers in their profession for solving your customers’ problems?

设计思维可以通过很有规划、有序和系统性的方式帮助各行各业的人找到解决办法。循序渐进的过程有助于在考虑问题陈述和所需解决办法的情况下创建解决方案。

Design thinking helps people of every profession to arrive at solutions in a planned, organized, and systematic manner. The step-by-step process helps to create solutions with both the problem statement and the required solution in mind.