Design Thinking 简明教程
Design Thinking - Solution-Based
设计思维有望为组织关注的问题提供现实的、实用的和创新的解决方案，并提供 systematic approach to finding solutions 。设计思维的显著特点是它鼓励专注于解决方案的思维或基于解决方案的思维。设计思想者应该明确整个过程的目标。设计思想者不应该解决每一个具体问题，而是要牢记最终目标来启动该流程。
Design thinking promises to provide a realistic, practical, and innovative solutions to problems of organizational concern and gives a systematic approach to finding solutions. The distinguishing feature of design thinking is that it encourages solution focused thinking or solution based thinking. The design thinker is supposed to have a clear idea of the goal of the entire process. The design thinkers are not supposed to solve every specific problem, but to start the process with the end goal in mind.
这种方法之所以有效，是因为它通过关注问题表述的当前和未来条件以及参数，可以同时探索替代解决方案。
This methodology helps because by focusing on both the present and the future conditions as well as the parameters of the problem statement, alternative solutions can be explored simultaneously.
Design Thinking vs. Scientific Method
设计思维方法与科学方法截然不同。科学方法从严格定义问题的各种参数入手，从而得出解决方案。但设计思维要求同时找出已知方面和问题表述中的模棱两可的地方，以及当前情况。这种思维方法有助于发掘隐藏参数和开启通往解决方案的备用方法。
The design thinking approach is altogether different from the scientific method. The scientific method begins with rigorously defining all the parameters of the problem, so as to arrive at a solution. But a design thinker is supposed to identify both the known and the ambiguous facets of the problem statement along with the current situation. This method of thinking helps to unearth hidden parameters and open alternate paths to reach the solution.
由于设计思维是一种迭代方法，因此开发更大解决方案以实现最终目标的过程中的中间解决方案也可以作为勾画替代途径的潜在起点。有时，这也可以重新定义问题陈述。
Iterative approach − As design thinking is an iterative approach, intermediate solutions in the process of developing the larger solution to achieve the end goal can also act as prospective starting points for chalking out alternative paths. This can, at times, also lead to redefinition of the problem statement.
Problem Focused vs. Solution Focused
专注于问题解决者和专注于解决方案解决者之间的差异在哪里？这个问题的答案是心理学家 Bryan Lawson 在 1972 年找到的。
Where does the difference lie between problem focused solvers and solution focused solvers? The answer to this question was found by Bryan Lawson, a psychologist, in 1972.
在他的一项实验中，他找了两组学生；一组是大四建筑系学生，而另一组是由研究生科学系的学生组成。要求这两个小组用一套彩色盒子制作一层结构。该结构的周边必须优化红色或蓝色；然而，有一些未指定的规则支配着某些块的放置和关系。
In one of his experiments, he took two groups of students; one group consisted of final year students in architecture, whereas the other group comprised of post graduate science students. The two groups were asked to create one-layer structures with a set of colored boxes. The perimeter of the structure had to optimize either the red or the blue color; however, there were unspecified rules governing the placement and relationship of some of the blocks.
劳森发现 -
Lawson found that −
Analysis vs. Synthesis
分析是指将实质性事物分解为多个片段或组件的过程。综合分析的完全相反。在综合中，我们结合分散的元素形成一个聚集的和连贯的整体。
Analysis refers to the process of breaking down something substantial into multiple fragments or components. Synthesis is the total contrast of analysis. In Synthesis, we combine fragmented elements to form an aggregated and coherent whole.
需要注意的是，分析和综合是互补的，并且齐头并进。设计思维者必须根据他们所做的分析进行综合，然后根据综合的内容进行分析以验证结果和衡量参数。
It is to be noted that analysis and synthesis are complementary to each other and go hand in hand. Design thinkers have to synthesize based on the analysis they have done and the analysis will then follow based on what has been synthesized to verify the results and to measure the parameters.
Divergent Thinking vs. Convergent Thinking
发散思维涉及在第一立场寻找许多可能的解决方案。这是设计思维过程的本质。要求设计思维者尽可能多地思考出头脑风暴，即使其中一些看起来不可行。
Divergent thinking involves finding many possible solutions in the first stance. This is the essence of design thinking process. The design thinkers are required to think of as many solutions as strike their brain, even if some of them don’t look viable.
聚合思维是将可用的解决方案缩小为最终解决方案的方法。发散思维是提出与单个主题相关的各种独特想法的能力。聚合思维是找到给定问题的正确解决方案的能力。设计思维在开始时深入研究发散思维，以构思多种解决方案，然后诉诸聚合思维来找出最佳解决方案。
Convergent thinking is a method of narrowing the available solutions to a final solution. Divergent thinking is the ability to come up with various unique ideas adherent to a single theme. Convergent thinking is the ability to find the correct solution to the given problem. Design thinking delves on divergent thinking in the beginning to ideate many solutions and then resort to convergent thinking to zero-in on the best solution.