Javafx 简明教程

JavaFX - Stacked Bar Chart

堆叠条形图是条形图的变体,其中绘制表示某个类别的条形状的数据值。根据哪个轴是类别轴的不同,条形可以是垂直的或水平的。每个序列的条形叠放在前一个序列的顶部。

以下是表示人口增长的堆叠条形图。

stacked bar chart

Stacked Bar Chart in JavaFX

在 JavaFX 中,堆叠条形图由名为 StackedBarChart 的类表示。此类属于 javafx.scene.chart 包。通过实例化此类,可以在 JavaFX 中创建堆叠条形图节点。

若要在 JavaFX 中生成堆叠条形图,请按照下面给出的步骤操作。

Step 1: Defining the Axis

定义堆叠条形图的 X 轴和 Y 轴并向它们设置标签。在我们的示例中,X 轴代表大洲,y 轴用百万表示人口。

public class ClassName extends Application {
   @Override
   public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
      //Defining the x axis
      CategoryAxis xAxis = new CategoryAxis();

      xAxis.setCategories(FXCollections.<String>observableArrayList(Arrays.asList
      ("Africa", "America", "Asia", "Europe", "Oceania")));
      xAxis.setLabel("category");

      //Defining the y axis
      NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis();
      yAxis.setLabel("Population (In millions)");
   }
}

Step 2: Creating the Stacked Bar Chart

通过实例化包 javafx.scene.chart 的名为 StackedBarChart 的类创建折线图。将表示在上一步中创建的 X 轴和 Y 轴的对象传递给此类的构造函数。

//Creating the Bar chart
StackedBarChart<String, Number> stackedBarChart =
new StackedBarChart<>(xAxis, yAxis);
stackedBarChart.setTitle("Historic World Population by Region");

Step 3: Preparing the Data

实例化 XYChart.Series 类并将数据(系列、x 和 y 坐标)添加到此类的可观察列表中,如下所示 −

//Prepare XYChart.Series objects by setting data
XYChart.Series<String, Number> series1 = new XYChart.Series<>();
series1.setName("1800");
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Africa", 107));
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("America", 31));
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Asia", 635));
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Europe", 203));
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Oceania", 2));
XYChart.Series<String, Number> series2 = new XYChart.Series<>();

series2.setName("1900");
series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Africa", 133));
series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("America", 156));
series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Asia", 947));
series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Europe", 408));
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Oceania", 6));

XYChart.Series<String, Number> series3 = new XYChart.Series<>();
series3.setName("2008");
series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Africa", 973));
series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("America", 914));
series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Asia", 4054));
series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Europe", 732));
series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Oceania", 34));

Step 4: Add Data to the Stacked Bar Chart

将上一步中准备的数据系列添加到条形图,如下所示 −

//Setting the data to bar chart
stackedBarChart.getData().addAll(series1, series2, series3);

Step 5: Creating a Group Object

start() 方法中,通过实例化名为 Group 的类创建组对象。这属于包 javafx.scene

将上一步中创建的堆叠条形图(节点)对象作为参数传递给组类的构造函数。应该这样做以将它添加到组中,如下所示 −

Group root = new Group(stackedBarChart);

Step 6: Launching Application

最后,按照下面给出的步骤正确启动应用程序 −

  1. 首先,通过将组对象作为其构造函数的参数值传递来实例化名为 Scene 的类。你也可以将应用程序屏幕的尺寸作为可选参数传递给此构造函数。

  2. 然后,使用 Stage 类的 setTitle() 方法设置阶段标题。

  3. 现在,使用名为 Stage 的类的 setScene() 方法将 Scene 对象添加到阶段。

  4. 使用名为 show() 的方法显示场景的内容。

  5. 最后,借助 launch() 方法启动应用程序。

Example

下表列出了 1800 年、1900 年和 2008 年不同大陆的人口。

Africa

America

Asia

Europe

Oceania

1800

107

31

635

203

2

1900

133

156

947

408

6

2008

973

914

4054

732

34

以下是使用 JavaFX 生成表示上述数据的堆叠条形图的 Java 程序。

将此代码保存在名为 StackedBarChartExample.java 的文件中。

import java.util.Arrays;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.chart.CategoryAxis;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.chart.NumberAxis;
import javafx.scene.chart.StackedBarChart;
import javafx.scene.chart.XYChart;

public class StackedBarChartExample extends Application {
   @Override
   public void start(Stage stage) {
      //Defining the axes
      CategoryAxis xAxis = new CategoryAxis();
      xAxis.setCategories(FXCollections.<String>observableArrayList(Arrays.asList
         ("Africa", "America", "Asia", "Europe", "Oceania")));

      xAxis.setLabel("category");
      NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis();
      yAxis.setLabel("Population (In millions)");

      //Creating the Bar chart
      StackedBarChart<String, Number> stackedBarChart =
         new StackedBarChart<>(xAxis, yAxis);
      stackedBarChart.setTitle("Historic World Population by Region");

      //Prepare XYChart.Series objects by setting data
      XYChart.Series<String, Number> series1 = new XYChart.Series<>();
      series1.setName("1800");
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Africa", 107));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("America", 31));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Asia", 635));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Europe", 203));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Oceania", 2));

      XYChart.Series<String, Number> series2 = new XYChart.Series<>();
      series2.setName("1900");
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Africa", 133));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("America", 156));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Asia", 947));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Europe", 408));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Oceania", 6));

      XYChart.Series<String, Number> series3 = new XYChart.Series<>();
      series3.setName("2008");
      series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Africa", 973));
      series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("America", 914));
      series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Asia", 4054));
      series3.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Europe", 732));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>("Oceania", 34));

      //Setting the data to bar chart
      stackedBarChart.getData().addAll(series1, series2, series3);

      //Creating a Group object
      Group root = new Group(stackedBarChart);

      //Creating a scene object
      Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 400);

      //Setting title to the Stage
      stage.setTitle("stackedBarChart");

      //Adding scene to the stage
      stage.setScene(scene);

      //Displaying the contents of the stage
      stage.show();
   }
   public static void main(String args[]){
      launch(args);
   }
}

使用以下命令,从命令提示符编译并执行已保存的 java 文件。

javac --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules javafx.controls StackedBarChartExample.java
java --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules javafx.controls StackedBarChartExample

执行后,上述程序会生成一个 JavaFX 窗口,显示如下所示的区域图。

stacked bar example

Example

下表描述了某组织在一年第一季度解雇和招募员工的数据。

Month

Employees Laid Off

Employees Recruited

January

30

12

February

12

54

March

31

24

April

52

32

May

4

43

June

10

5

以下是使用 JavaFX 生成表示上述数据的堆叠条形图的 Java 程序。

将此代码保存在名为 StackedBarChartEmployees.java 的文件中。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.chart.StackedBarChart;
import javafx.scene.chart.CategoryAxis;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.chart.NumberAxis;
import javafx.scene.chart.XYChart;

public class StackedBarChartEmployees extends Application {
   @Override
   public void start(Stage stage) {
      //Defining the X axis
      CategoryAxis xAxis = new CategoryAxis();

      //defining the y Axis
      NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis();
      yAxis.setLabel("Number of Employees");

      //Creating the Area chart
      StackedBarChart stackedbarChart = new StackedBarChart(xAxis, yAxis);
      stackedbarChart.setTitle("Employees Recruitment to Lay off ratio");

      //Prepare XYChart.Series objects by setting data
      XYChart.Series series1 = new XYChart.Series();
      series1.setName("Employees Laid Off");
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("January", 30));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("February", 12));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("March", 31));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("April", 52));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("May", 4));
      series1.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("June", 10));

      XYChart.Series series2 = new XYChart.Series();
      series2.setName("Employees Recruited");
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("January", 12));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("February", 54));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("March", 24));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("April", 32));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("May", 43));
      series2.getData().add(new XYChart.Data("June", 5));

      //Setting the XYChart.Series objects to stacked bar chart
      stackedbarChart.getData().addAll(series1,series2);

      //Creating a Group object
      Group root = new Group(stackedbarChart);

      //Creating a scene object
      Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 400);

      //Setting title to the Stage
      stage.setTitle("Stacked Bar Chart");

      //Adding scene to the stage
      stage.setScene(scene);

      //Displaying the contents of the stage
      stage.show();
   }
   public static void main(String args[]){
      launch(args);
   }
}