Computer Fundamentals 简明教程
Characteristics of Computer System
计算机系统的特性如下:
The characteristics of the computer system are as follows −
Speed
计算机每秒可以处理数百万(1,000,000)条指令。计算机完成其操作所花费的时间以微秒和纳秒为单位。因此,计算机在执行数学和逻辑计算期间以极高的速度工作。
A computer can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second. The time taken by computers for their operations is microseconds and nanoseconds. Hence, a computer works with high speed during the execution of Mathematical & logical computations.
Accuracy
计算机以 100% 的准确性进行计算。由于数据不一致或不准确,可能会发生错误。极高的准确性表明计算机正在正确执行其任务并生成可靠的结果。100% 的准确性取决于算法、数据质量、硬件连接以及正在执行的任务中固有的不确定性。
Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. Errors may occur due to data inconsistency or inaccuracy. High accuracy indicates that a computer is performing its tasks correctly and producing reliable results. 100% accuracy depends on algorithm, data quality, hardware connectivity, and inherent uncertainties in the tasks being performed.
Diligence
计算机可以执行数百万个任务或计算,且始终保持相同的持续性和准确性。它不会感到疲劳或注意力不集中。因此,它可以执行重复的任务而不感到疲劳。
A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and accuracy. It doesn’t feel any fatigue or lack of concentration. Hence, it can perform repetitive task without getting tired.
Versatility
多功能性是指计算机以同样的准确性和效率执行不同种类工作的性能。因此,多功能计算机可以用于不同的目的。多功能计算机可以支持软件兼容性、操作系统支持、编程和开发、多任务处理、互联网连接、媒体处理、硬件兼容性、定制,并且可以管理不同类型的应用程序和工作负载。
Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of works with same accuracy and efficiency. Hence, a versatile computer can be used for different purposes. A versatile computer can support Software Compatibility, Operating System Support, Programming and Development, Multi-Tasking, Internet Connectivity, Media Handling, Hardware Compatibility, Customization, and can manage different types of applications and workloads.
Reliability
计算机很可靠,因为它为相似的一组数据提供了相同的结果,也就是说,如果我们多次提供相同的一组输入,我们将会获得相同的结果。可靠性对于确保安全性、数据完整性和持续运行非常重要。可以使用平均故障间隔时间 (MTBF)、平均故障时间 (MTTF)、平均修复时间 (MTTR)、可用性(系统可操作和可访问的时间的比例)和故障率、容错性(即使存在硬件或软件故障也能连续运行)来衡量计算机的可靠性。
A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any number of times, we will get the same result. Reliability is important to ensure safety, data integrity, and continuous operation. Reliability of a computer can be measured using Mean Time between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), Availability (proportion of time a system is operational and accessible), and Failure Rate, Fault Tolerance(continuity of functioning even in the presence of hardware or software faults).
Automation
计算机自动执行所有任务,即在没有人工干预的情况下执行任务。自动化的主要目的是通过减少系统中的人工干预来提高不同过程的效率、准确性和一致性。自动化可以提高生产力、减少错误并节省成本。
Computer performs all the tasks automatically i.e. it performs tasks without manual intervention. The main aim of automation is to improve efficiency, accuracy, and consistency in different processes by reducing manual intervention in the system. Automation can lead to increased productivity, reduced errors, and cost savings.
Storage and Retrieval
内存是一种存储设备,用于存储数据。计算机的妙处在于可以在需要时在主内存 (RAM) 中执行数据。另一方面,数据可以永久存储到辅助内存(硬盘)中很长时间,并且用户可以在需要时随时访问它;它不会在用户将其删除之前删除数据。
Memory is a storage device which stores data. The beauty of a computer is to execute the data in primary memory (RAM) whenever required. At the other side, data can permanently store to the secondary memory (Hard Disk) to the long time and a user can access it whenever they required; it does not delete the data until a user delete it.
Data Management and data analytics
在数字世界中,数据可以是各种形式,例如文本、数字、图像、音频和视频。计算机可以有效地处理和操纵这些数据,并从文本、数字、图像、音频和视频数据中提供有洞察力的结果。分析结果用于决策制定,并有助于为组织制定战略。
In digital world, data can be in various forms, such as text, numbers, images, audio, and video. A computer may process and manipulate this data efficiently and provides insightful results from text, numbers, images, audio, and video data. The analytical results are used in decision making and useful to frame the strategies for the organisations.
Connectivity
计算机的连接性支持数据通信、资源共享以及对信息和服务的远程访问。
The connectivity of computers enables data communication, resource sharing, and remote access to information and services.
Multitasking
现代计算机系统支持多任务处理,这意味着并行执行任务。在多任务处理过程中,处理器在任务之间快速切换,并给人一种同时执行的错觉。多核处理器支持多个任务同时执行。
Modern computer systems support multitasking, which means parallel execution of tasks. During multitasking process, processor rapidly switches between tasks, and giving the illusion of simultaneous execution. Multicore processors enable simultaneous execution of multiple tasks.
Security and Privacy
现代计算机的存在是为了保护数据安全和隐私,防止未经授权的访问、数据泄露和网络攻击。例如 - 生物识别认证、加密和安全启动保护了计算机和用户数据。
Modern computers are kept the data security, privacy of data to protect against unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyberattacks. For example -Biometric authentication, encryption, and secure boot protect the computer and user data.