Computer Fundamentals 简明教程

Computer Fundamentals - Keyboard Shortcut Keys

在了解键盘快捷键之前，我们来了解一下键盘的一些基本工作原理及其常见类型。

Before going to have a look at keyboard shortcuts, let’s study some basic working principles of the keyboard and its common types.

键盘是用来向计算机输入数据或输入，以便处理的标准输入设备。有几种类型的键盘，每种键盘都针对不同的目的和偏好而设计。

Keyboards are standard input devices used to enter data or inputs into a computer to process. There are several types of keyboards, each designed for different purposes and preferences.

以下是一些常见类型−

Here are some common types −

Standard Keyboards − 这是您在台式计算机上找到的键盘类型。它们配有键盘左上角 6 个字母命名的 QWERTY 布局的键。

Standard Keyboards − This is the type of keyboard that you find on your desktop computer. They’re equipped with a QWERTY layout of keys, which are named after the 6 letters at the upper end of the keyboard.

标准键盘中可能包括其他键，例如功能键、数字键盘和导航键。

Additional keys such as function keys, numeric keypads and navigation keys may be included in the standard keyboard.

Laptop Keyboards − 笔记本电脑键盘小，并与机器集成在一起。

Laptop Keyboards − The laptop keyboard is small and integrates with the machine.

它们通常与标准键盘布局类似，但可能使用较小的键或缺少一些键组合（例如数字键盘），以节省空间。

They’re usually similar to the standard keyboard layout but may have smaller keys or missing some key combinations such as numeric keypads to save space.

Mechanical Keyboards − 机械键盘上的每个键都有一个机械开关。

Mechanical Keyboards − Each key on mechanical keyboards has a mechanical switch.

它们耐用且精确的打字体验通过触觉反馈得以补充。机械键盘使用带有不同致动压力和反馈的 Cherry MX、Razer 或 Gateron 开关。

Their durable and precise typing experience is complemented by tactile feedback. Mechanical keyboards use Cherry MX, Razer, or Gateron switches with varied actuation pressures and feedback.

Membrane Keyboards − 薄膜键盘（也称为薄膜开关键盘）由充当键的小型柔性材料层组成，以激活系统或设备的信号。

Membrane Keyboards − A membrane keyboard, also known as a membrane switch keyboard, is made up of tiny layers of flexible material that serve as keys to activate signals for a system or device.

各个键是调节电气连接的机械开关，生成信号发出命令。每个开关都调节一个电气电路，直到按下后才保持惰性。

Individual keys are mechanical switches that regulate electrical connections, generating signals to issue commands. Each switch regulates an electrical circuit that is inert until pressed.

Gaming Keyboards - 游戏键盘专为最佳性能而设计，通常包含可自定义背光、宏键和防鬼键技术，以防止在快速输入期间发生按键冲突。

Gaming Keyboards − Gaming keyboards are designed for optimal performance and frequently contain customisable backlighting, macro keys, and anti-ghosting technology to prevent key conflicts during rapid inputs.

Ergonomic Keyboards - 人体工程学键盘旨在通过鼓励更自然的手部姿势来缓解长时间打字时的压力和不适。

Ergonomic Keyboards − Ergonomic keyboards are intended to alleviate strain and discomfort during prolonged typing sessions by encouraging a more natural hand position.

它们可能具有分隔或弯曲的布局以适应手和手腕的自然弧度。

They might have split or curved layouts to accommodate the natural curvature of the hands and wrists.

Wireless Keyboards - 无线键盘使用蓝牙或射频 (RF) 技术连接到设备，消除了对电线的需求。

Wireless Keyboards − Wireless keyboards link to devices using Bluetooth or RF (Radio Frequency) technology, eliminating the need for wires.

它们通过让用户在远处打字感到舒适，从而提供了更高的灵活性和便利性。

They provide increased flexibility and convenience by making comfort for their users to type at a distance.

Virtual Keyboards - 虚拟键盘包括智能手机和平板电脑等触摸界面；这些界面显示在带有触摸界面的计算机屏幕上。

Virtual Keyboards − Virtual keyboards include touch interfaces like smartphones and tablets; these are displayed on computer screens with a touch interface.

用户轻触屏幕与虚拟键盘交互，而不是使用物理按键。

Instead of physical keys, users tap on the screen to interact with them.

上述所有这些都是最常见的键盘类型，每种键盘都满足用户的不同需求和偏好。

All of the above mentioned are some most common types of keyboards, each serving different needs and preferences for users.

Keyboard Shortcut Keys

Shortcut Key

Function

Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert)

To copy the selected content

Ctrl + X

To cut the selected content

Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert)

To paste the selected content

Ctrl + Shift + V

To paste as plain text

Ctrl + Z

To undo an action.

Ctrl + A

To select all items in a document

Ctrl + S

To save the current document or file.

Ctrl + P

To print the current document.

Ctrl + F

Find/search for text within a document or webpage

Ctrl + D (or Delete)

To delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin.

Ctrl + R (or F5)

To refresh the active window.

Ctrl + Y

To redo an action.

Ctrl + N

To open a new document or window

Ctrl + W

To close the current window or tab

Ctrl + Tab

To switch between open tabs or documents

Ctrl + Shift + N

To create a new folder

Alt + Tab

To switch between multiple open applications

Alt + F4

To close the active item, or exit the active applications

Windows logo key + L

To lock your PC.

Windows logo key + D

To display and hide the desktop

To rename the selected content

To search for a file or folder in File Explorer

To show the address bar list in File Explorer

To refresh the active window

To cycle through the screen elements of a window or computer

F10

To activate the menu bar in active applications

Alt + A

To focus on the first icon in the recommended actions menu

Alt + F8

To log on to the sign-in screen and see the password

Alt + Esc

To cycle the items that have been opened in order of their opening.

Alt + underlined letter

To perform the command for that letter

Alt + Enter

To display selected content properties

Alt + Spacebar

To open the shortcut menu for the active window

Alt + Left arrow

To Go back

Alt + Right arrow

To Go forward

Alt + Page Up

To Move up one screen

Alt + Page Down

To Move down one screen

Ctrl + F4

To close the active document

Ctrl + Right arrow

To move the cursor to the beginning of the next word.

Ctrl + Left arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.

Ctrl + Down arrow

Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.

Ctrl + Up arrow

To move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph.

Ctrl + Alt + Tab

To use the arrow keys to switch between all open applications

Ctrl + Shift + arrow keys

When a tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it into another tile to create a folder.

Ctrl + arrow keys

To resize the Start menu when it’s open.

Ctrl + arrow key (to move to an item) + Spacebar

Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop.

Ctrl + Shift with an arrow key

Select a block of text.

Ctrl + Esc

To open Start.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc

To open Task Manager.

Windows Key + D

To show/hide the desktop (Windows)

Windows Key + E

To open File Explorer

Windows Key + L

To lock the computer

Shift + F10

Display the shortcut menu for the selected content

Shift with any arrow key

You can choose more than one item in a window or on your desktop, or you can type text from the file.

Shift + Delete

Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin.

Esc

Stop or leave the current task.

PrtScn

Take a picture of your entire screen and copy it to the clipboard.