Computer Fundamentals 简明教程
Computer - Overview
当今世界是一个信息丰富的世界，每个人都有必要了解计算机。计算机是电子数据处理设备，它接受并存储数据输入，处理数据输入并以所需格式生成输出。
Today’s world is an information-rich world and it has become a necessity for everyone to know about computers. A computer is an electronic data processing device, which accepts and stores data input, processes the data input, and generates the output in a required format.
本教程的目的是向你介绍计算机及其基础知识。
The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you to Computers and its fundamentals.
Functionalities of a Computer
如果从非常广泛的意义上来看，任何数字计算机都执行以下五个功能 −
If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five functions −
Step 1 − 以数据形式接收输入。
Step 1 − Takes data as input.
Step 2 − 将数据/指令存储在内存中，并根据需要使用它们。
Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required.
Step 3 − 处理数据并将它们转换成有用的信息。
Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
Step 4 − 生成输出。
Step 4 − Generates the output.
Step 5 − 控制以上四个步骤。
Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps.
Advantages of Computers
以下是计算机的某些优点。
Following are certain advantages of computers.
High Speed
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Computer is a very fast device.
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It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
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The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picosecond.
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It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man who will spend many months to perform the same task.
Accuracy
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In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
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The calculations are 100% error free.
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Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input is correct.
Storage Capability
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Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
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A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
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It can store large amount of data.
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It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.
Diligence
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Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration.
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It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
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It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy.
Versatility
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A computer is a very versatile machine.
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A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
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This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
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At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next moment it may be playing a card game.
Reliability
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A computer is a reliable machine.
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Modern electronic components have long lives.
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Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.
Automation
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Computer is an automatic machine.
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Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically. Once the computer receives a program i.e., the program is stored in the computer memory, then the program and instruction can control the program execution without human interaction.
Reduction in Paper Work and Cost
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The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in paper work and results in speeding up the process.
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As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.
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Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high, it substantially reduces the cost of each of its transaction.