Computer Fundamentals 简明教程

Computer - Input Devices

用于向计算机系统提供输入的设备称为输入设备。数据以原始格式输入计算机系统，然后使用输入设备将其转换为计算机可理解的格式；之后，通过使用中央处理单元进行处理，产生输出。输入设备是另一种形式的外接式设备，允许用户与计算机系统进行交互。

The devices which are used to give input to the computer system are known as input devices. Data is inputted into the computer system in raw format, which is then translated into a computer-understandable form using input devices; after that, it is processed using a central processing unit, which produces output. In another form, an input device is a type of peripheral device that allows users to interact with the computer system.

以下是一些计算机中使用的重要输入设备：

Following are some of the important input devices which are used in a computer −

  1. Keyboard

  2. Mouse

  3. Joy Stick

  4. Light pen

  5. Track Ball

  6. Scanner

  7. Graphic Tablet

  8. Microphone

  9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)

  10. Optical Character Reader(OCR)

  11. Bar Code Reader

  12. Optical Mark Reader(OMR)

Keyboard

键盘是最常见且非常流行的输入设备，可帮助将数据输入计算机。键盘的布局类似于传统打字机，尽管提供了一些额外的键以执行其他功能。

Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing additional functions.

keyboard

键盘有两种尺寸，84 键或 101/102 键，但现在 Windows 和互联网也可以使用 104 键或 108 键的键盘。

Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available for Windows and Internet.

QWERTY Keyboards

QWERTY是最好用的键盘。它的名字来源于键盘顶行的前六个字母。QWERTY键盘是重要的，因为它对于大多数人来说打字比较习惯，标准化且支持广泛。这些特点让大多数用户感觉舒适，保证它们易于使用，能在不同的设备和平台中使用。

QWERTY is the most usable keyboard. It’s named after the first six letters in the top row of the keyboard. The QWERTY keyboard’s is significant due to its typing familiarity, standardization, and widespread support. These features make it comfortable for most of the users, assuring simplicity of use and accessibility across different devices and platforms.

qwerty keyboards

QWERTY键盘通常在个人电脑中使用，被认为是打字机的标准。这些设备专门设计用于常规的打字任务。

QWERTY keyboards are commonly found in personal computers and are considered standard on typewriters. These devices are specifically designed for general typing tasks.

QWERTY键盘的几个关键优势−

Some key advantages of the QWERTY keyboard −

  1. Ergonomic Designs

  2. Ease To Use

  3. Familiarity and Standardization

  4. Compatibility with Modern Devices

  5. Typing Efficiency

  6. Cost-Effective

Mechanical Keyboards

机械键盘为每个键配有独特的机械开关。机械键盘上的每个键都有一个机械开关。不同的开关类型会提供不同水平的触觉反馈和致动力量。它们以其耐用性、触觉反馈和适应性而闻名。

Mechanical keyboards employ unique mechanical switches for each key. Each key on mechanical keyboards has a mechanical switch. Different types of switches offer varying levels of tactile feedback and actuation force. They are renowned for their durability, tactile feedback, and adaptability.

mechanical keyboards

打字员和游戏玩家需要准确和愉悦的打字体验，他们喜欢这些开关，因为这些开关可以提供触觉和听觉反馈。

Typists and gamers who demand accurate and enjoyable typing love these switches because they give tactile and aural feedback.

机械键盘的主要优势如下−

The main advantages of mechanical keyboards are as follows −

  1. High-Quality Switches

  2. Typing Comfort and Performance

  3. Consistent Key Feel

  4. Customizable Switch Types

  5. Customization and Modularity

  6. Essential for fast typists and gamers who need to press several keys at once

  7. RGB Lighting

Membrane Keyboards

笔记本电脑和便宜的台式机键盘有薄膜键盘。按压时，一个键会接触到按键下的橡胶或硅胶薄膜来记录击键情况。

Laptops and cheap desktop keyboards have membrane keyboards. When pushed, a key contacts a rubber or silicone membrane below the keys to register a keystroke.

membrane keyboards

薄膜键盘采用压力垫技术和一个平面灵活的表面，因其独特的一组优势而很受欢迎。

Membrane keyboards, which feature pressure pad technology and a flat, flexible surface, are popular due to their distinct set of benefits.

一些关键优势如下−

Some of the key advantages are as follows −

  1. Membrane keyboards are generally Cost-Effective

  2. A user can use it quietly; without making a noise

  3. Lightweight

  4. Portable

  5. Compact Design

  6. Sealed Surface

  7. Ease of Use

  8. Flexible Layouts

  9. Lower Power Consumption

Ergonomic Keyboards

长时间打字会导致肌肉劳损和不适；人体工学键盘专为减轻这些问题而设计。人体工学键盘旨在减少劳损并提高用户的舒适度，尤其是在长时间打字时。

Typing for long periods can cause muscle strain and discomfort; ergonomic keyboards are specifically designed to alleviate these issues. Ergonomic keyboards are intended to reduce strain and improve user comfort, especially during long durations of typing.

ergonomic keyboards

这些包括分体键盘和轮廓键盘，它们具有弧度以契合自然的手部姿势。

These include split keyboards and contoured keyboards, which are curved to fit the natural hand posture.

人体工学键盘的一些关键优势−

Some key advantages of ergonomic keyboards −

  1. Natural hand position which improves comfort and reduces strain

  2. Allowing each hand to operate in its natural position

  3. Minimizes Wrist Movements

  4. Enhanced Typing Postures like wrist rests and angled key layouts

  5. Increased Typing Efficiency

  6. Reduced Risk of Repetitive Strain Injuries

  7. Versatile Designs with Left-Handed Options

  8. Multi-Device Support

Gaming Keyboards

游戏键盘针对游戏性能进行了优化。游戏键盘专为游戏玩家打造，配备了一些功能，可以提升性能、舒适度以及整体游戏体验。

Gaming keyboards are optimized for gaming performance. Gaming keyboards are built exclusively for gamers, with features that improve performance, comfort, and overall gaming experience.

gaming keyboards

游戏键盘通常具有可变照明、可编程按键以及防按键冲突技术，以防止在快速游戏中漏按按键。一些游戏键盘配有机械开关，可带来更快的响应能力。

They usually have changeable illumination, programmable keys, and anti-ghosting technology to prevent missed keypresses during fast gameplay. Some gaming keyboards include mechanical switches for quicker responsiveness.

以下是游戏键盘的主要优势

The following are the main advantages of gaming keyboards −

  1. Contains Mechanical Switches

  2. High Polling Rate

  3. Improved Visibility using RGB Lighting

  4. Anti-ghosting and N-Key Rollover

  5. Contains Durable Switches

  6. Ergonomic Design enhances comfort and reduces fatigue

Wireless Keyboards

无线键盘采用蓝牙或射频连接计算机和其他设备，无需使用线缆。

Wireless keyboards use Bluetooth or RF to connect to computers and other devices without cords.

wireless keyboards

它们被用于笔记本电脑、平板电脑以及智能电视，以获得方便和移动性。无线键盘相较于有线键盘提供一些不同的优势，使其成为许多用户中的流行选择。

Laptops, tablets, and smart TVs utilise them for convenience and mobility. Wireless keyboards provide different benefits over wired keyboards, making them a popular choice among many users.

以下是无线键盘的主要优势

The following are the main advantages of Wireless keyboards −

  1. Increased Mobility and Flexibility

  2. Convenience and Portability

  3. Ergonomic Benefits

  4. Modern aesthetic appeal of a workspace

  5. Improved connectivity options like Bluetooth connectivity, multi-device pairing

  6. Enhances Productivity

  7. Gaming and Entertainment

Virtual Keyboards

基于软件的虚拟键盘用于智能手机和平板电脑。轻触或滑动虚拟键可输入文本或方向。无线键盘在增强移动性、便携性、人体工程学以及美观吸引力方面发挥着重要作用。其适应性以及与不同设备连接的能力使其成为多种应用领域的理想选择，包括专业工作情况、游戏以及家庭娱乐。随着电池寿命和连接性的发展，无线键盘仍然是许多用户的实用且流行的选择。

Software-based virtual keyboards are utilised on smartphones and tablets. Tap or swipe virtual keys to enter text or directions. Wireless keyboards are significant in terms of enhanced mobility, convenience, ergonomics, and aesthetic appeal. Their adaptability and ability to connect to different devices make them ideal for multiple applications, including professional work situations, gaming, and home entertainment. With developments in battery life and connectivity, wireless keyboards remain a practical and popular choice for many users.

virtual keyboards

以下是虚拟键盘的主要优势

The following are the main advantages of the virtual keyboard −

  1. No physical hardware required

  2. Space-saving

  3. Layout customization

  4. Adjustable key size and spacing

  5. Ease of access

  6. Protection against Keyloggers

  7. Secure environments

  8. Multifunctionality

  9. Predictive text and auto-correction

  10. Touchscreen interaction

Foldable Keyboards

可折叠键盘便携且方便。可折叠键盘可以压缩或折叠起来，便于运输和存储，相较于标准键盘而言，具有多种优势。

Foldable keyboards are portable and convenient. Foldable keyboards, which can be compacted or folded for convenient transport and storage, have various advantages over standard keyboards.

foldable keyboards

旅行者和需要较小键盘的人员可以折叠或卷起键盘进行存储和运输。

Travellers and people who require a small keyboard may fold or wrap them up for storage and transport.

以下是可折叠键盘的主要优势

The following are the main advantages of the foldable keyboard −

  1. Compact Size

  2. Lightweight

  3. Portability and Convenience

  4. Easy Storage

  5. Multiple Device Support

  6. Ideal for On-the-Go Use

  7. Comfortable Typing

  8. Rugged Designs

  9. Water and Dust Resistance

  10. Cost-Effective

键盘上的键如下所示：

The keys on the keyboard are as follows −

S.No

Keys & Description

1

Typing Keys These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (09) which generally give the same layout as that of typewriters.

2

Numeric Keypad It is used to enter the numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists of a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most adding machines and calculators.

3

Function Keys The twelve function keys are present on the keyboard which are arranged in a row at the top of the keyboard. Each function key has a unique meaning and is used for some specific purpose.

4

Control keys These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional arrow keys. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).

5

Special Purpose Keys Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.

Mouse

鼠标是最流行的指针设备。它是一款非常有名的光标控制设备，它有一个手掌大小的盒子和一个位于底座的圆球，它感应鼠标的移动，并在按下鼠标按钮时向 CPU 发送相应的信号。

Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device having a small palm size box with a round ball at its base, which senses the movement of the mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.

它通常有两个按钮，称为左键和右键，按钮之间有一个滚轮。鼠标可用于控制光标在屏幕上的位置，但不能用于向计算机输入文本。

Generally, it has two buttons called the left and the right button and a wheel is present between the buttons. A mouse can be used to control the position of the cursor on the screen, but it cannot be used to enter text into the computer.

mouse

Advantages

  1. Easy to use

  2. Not very expensive

  3. Moves the cursor faster than the arrow keys of the keyboard.

鼠标最常见的类型如下 −

The most common types of mouse are as follows −

Optical Mouse

光学鼠标是一种利用发光二极管 (LED) 或激光检测移动的鼠标。它取代了传统鼠标中固定的机械球。光学传感器检测表面上的反射光，并将其转换成计算机屏幕上的光标移动。

An optical mouse is a type of mouse that makes use of a light-emitting diode (LED) or laser to detect movement. It replaces the mechanical ball fixed in the traditional mouse. The optical sensor detects reflected light on the surface and converts it into cursor movement on your computer screen.

key elements of optical mouse

光学鼠标的关键组件如下 −

The key components of the Optical Mouse are as follows −

  1. LED − LED gives proper illumination for the optical sensor to capture surface images.

  2. Optical Sensor − It’s a small camera that captures surface images quickly.

  3. Digital Signal Processor (DSP) − It determines the movement and analyses images captured from optical sensors.

  4. Communication Channel − It sends data to the system using USB, PS/2, wireless RF, or Bluetooth.

移动光学鼠标时，它使用发光二极管 (LED) 或激光照亮其下面的表面。鼠标中的传感器捕捉从表面反射的光。传感器分析图像，并根据模式的变化计算鼠标的移动。然后，此信息会传输到您的计算机，并相应地调整光标。

When an optical mouse is moved, it illuminates the surface below it with a light-emitting diode (LED) or laser. A sensor in the mouse captures the light reflected off the surface. The images are analysed by the sensor, and the movement of the mouse is calculated based on the changes in the pattern. This information is then transmitted to your computer, which adjusts the cursor accordingly.

光学鼠标的一些关键优势如下 −

Some key advantages of Optical mice are as follows −

  1. Optical mouse don’t require a mouse pad

  2. An optical mouse can easily move on any surface

  3. More precise and responsive

  4. Allows smoother cursor movement

  5. Optical mice are more durable as they don’t have any moving parts which can clogged with dirt

  6. Eliminates mechanical fatigue and failure.

  7. It makes the system easy to use.

  8. No special surface required

Trackball Mouse

轨迹球鼠标有一个固定的球在顶部，用户可以用手指或拇指来滚动。轨迹球是传统鼠标输入的一种技术替代品。它包含在一个插座中的球，允许你控制光标的移动。用手指滚动球会移动屏幕上的光标。轨迹球广泛应用于面积有限的应用中，例如街机游戏或专门的工作。

Trackball mice have a stationary ball on top that users may roll with their fingers or thumbs. Trackballs are a technological alternative to traditional mouse input. It comprises a ball in a socket that allows you to control the cursor’s movement. Rolling the ball with fingers moves the cursor on the screen. Trackballs are widely employed in applications with limited area, such as arcade games or specialized jobs.

trackball mouse

轨迹球鼠标的主要组件如下 −

The key components of Trackball mice are as follows −

  1. Ball − The primary interface for the user, which can vary in size and material. It’s typically designed to provide a smooth rolling experience.

  2. Sensors − Detect the motion of the ball. Modern trackballs often use optical sensors for higher precision.

  3. Microcontroller − Processes the signals from the sensors and converts them into data the computer can understand.

  4. Communication Interface − Connects the trackball mouse to the computer (USB, Bluetooth, etc.).

  5. Buttons − Like a traditional mouse, trackball mice have buttons for clicking, and some models include additional buttons for added functionality.

计算机轨迹球通过使用传感器来检测球体运动来工作。当你转动球时，传感器检测到位置的变化并向计算机发送适当的信号。这些信号被解释为屏幕上的光标移动。轨迹球提供了良好的控制，并且有益于那些灵敏度较差的人。

A computer trackball works by using sensors to detect the movement of the ball. When you rotate the ball, the sensors detect the change in position and send the appropriate signals to the computer. These signals are interpreted as cursor movements on the screen. Trackballs provide good control and are beneficial for people with poor dexterity.

轨迹记录也称为跟踪，是一个捕获和存储对象或进程移动的信息的过程。在计算机中，它可以指捕获用户事件，例如光标移动、点击和按键。这些信息可用于更好地了解用户行为、优化系统性能或创建个性化体验。

Track recording also known as tracking, is a process of capturing and storing information on the movement of an object or process. In computers, it can refer to the capture of user events such as cursor movements, clicks, and keystrokes. This information can be used to better understand user behaviour, optimize system performance, or create personalized experiences.

轨迹球鼠标的一些主要优点如下 −

Some of the key advantages of trackball mice are as follows −

  1. It takes less desk space

  2. It can be effectively utilised in limited workspaces.

  3. It reduces wrist movement

  4. It has precise control which can be utilised in graphic design or gaming

  5. It can be effectively moved on soft surfaces like beds or couches

Wireless Mouse

无线鼠标是一种不需要物理电缆连接到计算机的计算机鼠标。这款鼠标提供了更大的灵活性和移动性。它通常使用射频（RF）或蓝牙技术与计算机进行通信。无线鼠标还可以使用蓝牙或 USB 设备与系统链接。由于它们没有电缆，所以它们可以更自由地移动。

A wireless mouse is a computer mouse that doesn’t require a physical cable to connect to the computer. This mouse provides more flexibility and mobility. It commonly uses radio frequency (RF) or Bluetooth technology to communicate with the computer. Wireless mice can also link with the system using Bluetooth or USB devices. As they’re cable-free, so they move more freely.

wireless mouse

无线鼠标的主要组件如下 −

The key components of a wireless mouse are as follows −

  1. Optical or Laser Sensor − Laser sensors often provide greater precision and can operate on different surfaces.

  2. RF Transmitter − A wireless mice includes a matching receiver that plugs into the computer.

  3. Power Supply − Provides power for the mouse’s activities, usually by AA or AAA batteries or a built-in rechargeable battery.

  4. Buttons and Scroll Wheel − The user interface allows users to perform clicking and scrolling actions.

无线鼠标使用射频 (RF) 技术向你的计算机传输数据。RF 设备由两部分组成：一个发送器和一个接收器。

A wireless mouse uses radio frequency (RF) technology for transmitting data to your computer. RF devices consist of two main parts: a transmitter and a receiver.

发送器安装在鼠标中；它发出电磁（无线电）信号，对鼠标的移动和按键单击信息进行编码。接收器连接到用户的计算机，它接受信号、对信号进行解码，然后将其转发给鼠标驱动程序软件和计算机的操作系统。接收器是一个独立的设备，可以插入到你的计算机中，一个用于扩展槽的专用卡或一个集成组件。

The transmitter is housed within the mouse; the transmitter emits an electromagnetic (radio) signal that encodes information about the mouse’s movements and button clicks. The receiver connects to the user’s computer, the receiver accepts the signal, decodes it, and then forwards it to the mouse driver software and the computer’s operating system. The receiver is a separate device that plugs into your computer, a specialized card for an expansion slot, or an integrated component.

鼠标通过一个被称为无线接收器的关键组件连接到计算机，该组件负责接收来自鼠标的信号并将其转换为计算机可以理解的指令。通常，此接收器是一个可以插入到计算机 USB 端口的 USB 小设备。此外，某些无线鼠标使用蓝牙技术进行连接，从而无需独立的接收器。

The mouse is connected to the computer through a crucial component known as the wireless receiver, which is responsible for receiving signals from the mouse and converting them into instructions that the computer can comprehend. Typically, this receiver is a small USB device that can be inserted into the computer’s USB port. Additionally, certain wireless mice make use of Bluetooth technology to set a connection, thereby eliminating the necessity for a separate receiver.

轨迹球鼠标的一些主要优点如下 −

Some of the key advantages of trackball mice are as follows −

  1. Enabling users to get connected to a computer without physical cables

  2. Allows users to work on a computer from a distance

  3. Flexible and convenient

  4. Pairing and Security

  5. Mobility and Flexibility

  6. Ideal for use in home, office

Wired Mouse

它们无需电池或无线连接即可工作，对于那些不想担心信号干扰的人来说，它们是很好的解决方案。则通过物理电缆连接到计算机。

They work without batteries or a wireless connection, making them a good solution for those who don’t want to worry about signal interference. These are connected to computers using physical cables.

wired mouse

有线鼠标的关键组件如下 −

The key components of a wired mouse are as follows −

  1. Buttons and Scroll Wheel − This element is designed for clicking and scrolling actions.

  2. Cable − Sends power to the mouse and transfers data from the mouse to the computer.

  3. Optical or Laser Sensor − Capturing and analysing surface images detects the movement of the mouse.

  4. LED or Laser − The surface is illuminated to enable the sensor to detect movement.

有线鼠标直接使用 USB 端口连接到用户的台式机或笔记本电脑。由于它使用物理电缆连接到系统，因此它使用电缆发送数据。专用的电缆连接可确保快速响应。

A wired mouse is directly linked to a user’s desktop or laptop using a USB port. As it connects to the system using physical cables it sends data using a cable. A dedicated cable connection ensures quick response.

轨迹球鼠标的一些主要优点如下 −

Some of the key advantages of trackball mice are as follows −

  1. Plug and Play

  2. It is durable

  3. It has a dedicated connection to a computer so very hard to drop

  4. It is reliable

  5. Low Latency

  6. Cost-Effective

  7. No Battery Required

  8. It has consistent performance without the need for batteries

Gaming Mouse

游戏鼠标是专门设计的一种鼠标，它专用于通过提供支持精度、速度、舒适性和自定义性的功能来改善游戏体验。这些鼠标旨在满足不同游戏类型的具体要求，包括第一人称射击（FPS）游戏、实时战略（RTS）游戏和大型多人在线（MMO）游戏。游戏鼠标具有可配置按钮、可调节 DPI，以及针对长期使用的人体工程学设计。游戏优化快速、准确的移动。

A Gaming mouse is a specialized form of mouse which has been specifically designed to improve the gaming experience by offering features that support precision, speed, comfort, and customization. These mice are designed to cater to the specific requirements of different game genres, including first-person shooters (FPS), real-time strategy (RTS) games, and massively multiplayer online (MMO) games. Gaming mice have configurable buttons, adjustable DPI, and ergonomic ergonomics for long-term usage. Gaming is optimised for rapid, accurate movements.

gaming mouse

有线鼠标的关键组件如下 −

The key components of a wired mouse are as follows −

  1. Buttons − A gaming mouse has left and right-click buttons, a scroll wheel, and additional programmable buttons. It might have 8 to 20 or more buttons.

  2. Scroll Wheel − The scroll wheel provides servicing to scrolling or customizable resistance.

  3. Sensor − Sensors used for tracking movement with high precision.

  4. RGB Lighting − Makes clear and attractive visibility.

  5. DPI Switch − Allows on-the-fly DPI adjustments to change sensitivity settings during gameplay.

游戏鼠标可以修改其灵敏度，这可以通过每英寸点数 (DPI) 来定制。随着 DPI 的增加，屏幕上的光标在相同的鼠标移动距离下移动更长的距离。通常，对于游戏和具有极高分辨率的显示器，会采用较高的 DPI 水平（1000 DPI 及以上）。但是，在视频游戏中，较高的 DPI 可能有利或有害，具体取决于场景中的缩放级别。较高的 DPI 设置使玩家能够执行快速移动，而较低的 DPI 设置则有助于更准确、更精细的移动。

Gaming mice can modify their sensitivity, which can be customized in terms of dots per inch (DPI). As the DPI increases, the cursor on the screen moves a longer distance for the same amount of mouse movement. Typically, a higher DPI level (1000 DPI and above) is employed for gaming and monitors with exceptionally high resolution. However, in a video game, the higher DPI can either be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the level of zoom in the scene. A higher DPI setting enables the player to execute rapid movements, while a lower DPI setting facilitates more accurate and delicate movements.

游戏中鼠标的一些主要优势如下 -

Some of the key advantages of a gaming mouse are as follows −

  1. High DPI provides a precise and responsive cursor movement

  2. It has extensive customization of buttons

  3. Ergonomic designs reduce strain

  4. It has quick access to in-game functions

  5. It has laser sensors

  6. It has acceleration and angle snapping

Joystick

操纵杆也是一种定位设备，用于在显示器屏幕上移动光标位置。它是一根棍子，在上下两端都有一个球形球体。下球形球体在插座中移动。操纵杆可以向四个方向移动。

Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions.

joystick

操纵杆的功能类似于鼠标。它主要用于计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 和玩电脑游戏。

The function of the joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It is mainly used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer games.

Light Pen

光笔是一种类似于笔的定位设备。它用于选择显示的菜单项或在显示器屏幕上绘制图片。它由一个光电管和放置在小管中的光学系统组成。

Light pen is a pointing device similar to a pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube.

light pen

当光笔尖端在显示器屏幕上移动并且按下笔按钮时，其光电传感元件检测屏幕位置并将相应信号发送到 CPU。

When the tip of a light pen is moved over the monitor screen and the pen button is pressed, its photocell sensing element detects the screen location and sends the corresponding signal to the CPU.

Track Ball

轨迹球是一种输入设备，通常用于笔记本电脑，而不是鼠标。这是一个半插入的球体，通过手指在球体上移动，就可以移动指针。

Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball which is half inserted and by moving fingers on the ball, the pointer can be moved.

track ball

由于未移动整个设备，因此轨迹球所需的占地面积小于鼠标。轨迹球有各种形状，例如球形、按钮形或方形。

Since the whole device is not moved, a track ball requires less space than a mouse. A track ball comes in various shapes like a ball, a button, or a square.

Scanner

扫描仪是一种输入设备，它的工作方式更像复印机。当某些信息存在于纸质上并且需要将其传输到计算机的硬盘上以进行进一步处理时，将使用它。

Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of the computer for further manipulation.

scanner

扫描仪从源头捕获图像，然后将其转换为可以存储在磁盘上的数字形式。在打印这些图像之前，可以对其进行编辑。

Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into a digital form that can be stored on the disk. These images can be edited before they are printed.

Digitizer

数字化仪是一种可以将模拟信息转换为数字形式的输入设备。数字化仪可以将来自电视或摄像机的信号转换为一系列可存储在计算机中的数字。它们可以被计算机用来创建任何面向摄像机的图片。

Digitizer is an input device which converts analog information into digital form. Digitizer can convert a signal from the television or camera into a series of numbers that could be stored in a computer. They can be used by the computer to create a picture of whatever the camera had been pointed at.

graphic tablet

数字化仪也被称为平板电脑或图形平板电脑，因为它可以将图形和图片数据转换为二进制输入。图形平板电脑作为数字化仪用于精细绘画和图像处理应用程序中。

Digitizer is also known as Tablet or Graphics Tablet as it converts graphics and pictorial data into binary inputs. A graphic tablet as digitizer is used for fine works of drawing and image manipulation applications.

Microphone

麦克风是一种用于输入声音的输入设备，可以将其存储为数字形式。

Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.

microphone

麦克风用于各种应用程序，例如向多媒体演示文稿中添加声音或混音音乐。

The microphone is used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.

Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)

MICR 输入设备通常用于银行，因为每天要处理大量的支票。银行代码和支票号码印在支票上，用一种特殊的墨水，其中包含机器可读的磁性材料颗粒。

MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large number of cheques to be processed every day. The bank’s code number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine readable.

micr

此读取过程称为磁性墨水字符识别 (MICR)。MICR 的主要优点在于速度快且出错几率低。

This reading process is called Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). The main advantages of MICR is that it is fast and less error prone.

Optical Character Reader (OCR)

OCR 是一种用于读取印刷文本的输入设备。

OCR is an input device used to read a printed text.

ocr

OCR 按字符对文本进行光学扫描，将其转换为机器可读代码，并将文本存储在系统内存中。

OCR scans the text optically, character by character, converts them into a machine readable code, and stores the text on the system memory.

Bar Code Readers

条形码阅读器是一种用于读取条形码数据（光和暗线形式的数据）的设备。条形码数据通常用于商品贴标签、对书进行编号等。它可能是手持式扫描仪，也可能是嵌入式固定扫描仪。

Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.

barcode reader

条形码阅读器扫描条形码图像，将其转换为字母数字值，然后将其送入条形码阅读器连接的计算机。

Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image, converts it into an alphanumeric value, which is then fed to the computer that the bar code reader is connected to.

Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

OMR 是一种特殊类型的光学扫描仪，用于识别笔或铅笔所做的标记类型。它用于从少数几个选项中进行选择并标记的情况。

OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil. It is used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked.

omr

它专门用于检查具有多项选择题的考试答题卷。

It is specially used for checking the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions.