Computer Fundamentals 简明教程

Computer - Applications

在本章中，我们将讨论计算机在各个领域的应用。

In this chapter, we will discuss the application of computers in various fields.

Business

computer business

计算机具有很高的计算速度、勤奋、准确性、可靠性或通用性，这使其成为所有商业组织中不可或缺的一部分。

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.

计算机用于商业组织的 −

Computer is used in business organizations for −

  1. Payroll calculations

  2. Budgeting

  3. Sales analysis

  4. Financial forecasting

  5. Managing employee database

  6. Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Banking

computer banking

如今，银行业务几乎完全依赖计算机。

Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.

银行提供以下便利 −

Banks provide the following facilities −

  1. Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.

  2. ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.

Insurance

computer insurance

保险公司借助计算机来更新所有记录。保险公司、金融机构和股票经纪公司广泛使用计算机来解决他们的问题。

Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers. Insurance companies, finance houses, and stock broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.

保险公司会维护所有客户的数据库，其中包含显示以下信息的数据 −

Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information showing −

  1. Procedure to continue with policies

  2. Starting date of the policies

  3. Next due installment of a policy

  4. Maturity date

  5. Interests due

  6. Survival benefits

  7. Bonus

Education

computer education

计算机在提供教育系统的大量设施方面有所帮助。

The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system.

  1. The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education).

  2. CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.

  3. Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.

  4. There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a computer to educate the students.

  5. It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis is carried out on this basis.

Marketing

在市场营销中，计算机的用途如下：

In marketing, uses of the computer are following −

computer marketing

  1. Advertising − With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.

  2. Home Shopping − Home shopping has been made possible through the use of computerized catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers.

Healthcare

计算机已成为医院、实验室和药房的重要组成部分。它们被用于医院以保存患者和药品的记录。它还用于扫描和诊断各种疾病。心电图、脑电图、超声波和 CT 扫描等也由计算机化的机器完成。

Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. are also done by computerized machines.

以下是计算机被用于的一些主要的医疗保健领域。

Following are some major fields of health care in which computers are used.

computer healthcare

  1. Diagnostic System − Computers are used to collect data and identify the cause of illness.

  2. Lab-diagnostic System − All tests can be done and the reports are prepared by computer.

  3. Patient Monitoring System − These are used to check the patient’s signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.

  4. Pharma Information System − Computer is used to check drug labels, expiry dates, harmful side effects, etc.

  5. Surgery − Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery.

Engineering Design

计算机广泛用于工程目的。

Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.

其中一个主要领域是 CAD（计算机辅助设计），它可以创建和修改图像。其中一些领域包括：

One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation and modification of images. Some of the fields are −

computer engineering

  1. Structural Engineering − Requires stress and strain analysis for design of ships, buildings, budgets, air planes, etc.

  2. Industrial Engineering − Computers deal with design, implementation, and improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment.

  3. Architectural Engineering − Computers help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

Military

computer military

计算机在国防中被广泛使用。现代坦克、导弹、武器等。军队也使用计算机化控制系统。计算机已使用的一些军事领域如下所述：

Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. Military also employs computerized control systems. Some military areas where a computer has been used are −

  1. Missile Control

  2. Military Communication

  3. Military Operation and Planning

  4. Smart Weapons

Communication

通信是一种传达信息、思想、图片或言语的方式，接收者可以清晰、正确地接收和理解信息。此类别中的一些主要领域是：

Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are −

computer communication

  1. E-mail

  2. Chatting

  3. Usenet

  4. FTP

  5. Telnet

  6. Video-conferencing

Government

计算机在政府服务中发挥着重要作用。此类别中的一些主要领域是：

Computers play an important role in government services. Some major fields in this category are −

computer government

  1. Budgets

  2. Sales tax department

  3. Income tax department

  4. Computation of male/female ratio

  5. Computerization of voters lists

  6. Computerization of PAN card

  7. Weather forecasting