Computer Fundamentals 简明教程

Computer Fundamentals - Websites

网站是由域名标识并至少托管在一个网络服务器上的网页和相关内容的集合。网站可以提供不同的功能,包括信息、娱乐、通信、电子商务等等。它们通常使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 等网络技术创建,并且可能包括视频、图像和互动功能等多媒体组件。网站可以从简单的单页网站到具有多个页面和动态内容的大型网络应用程序。

A website is a collection of web pages and related content identified by a domain name and hosted on at least one web server. Websites can serve different functions, including information, entertainment, communication, e-commerce, and many more. They are often created with web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and may include multimedia components like videos, images, and interactive features. Websites can range from simple one-pagers to large web apps with several pages and dynamic content.

Components of a Website

网站的组件会根据其用途、复杂性和设计而有所不同。

The components of a website can vary depending on its purpose, complexity, and design.

网站的一些常见组件如下 −

Some common components of a website are as follows −

components website

Fig: Components of Website

Fig: Components of Website

这些组件共同创建一个有凝聚力和功能性的网站,有效地实现预定目的。

These components work together to create a cohesive and functional website that serves its intended purpose effectively.

Types of Website

网站通常基于内容和功能分为两类:静态网站和动态网站。

Websites are typically classified into two categories based on their content and functionality: static websites and dynamic websites.

Static Websites

静态网站由对每位访问者都相同的设置内容组成。

Static websites consist of set content that is the same for every visitor.

内容直接编码到 HTML 文件中,除非网站所有者手动更新,否则不会更改。

The content is coded directly into HTML files and doesn’t change unless manually updated by the website owner.

  1. Basic Static Website − It consists of simple web pages with static content and no interaction. These are commonly used for small enterprises, personal portfolios, and informational websites.

  2. Brochure Websites − Like static webpages but designed to resemble digital brochures or flyers. They provide corporate, product, and service information.

  3. Portfolio Websites − Introduce the work, projects, or accomplishments of a company or an individual (for example, an artist or a photographer), and highlight their achievements as well.

Dynamic Websites

动态网站是根据用户的活动、他们提供的数据输入或其他情况动态生成内容的网站。内容可以从数据库、文件或其他来源提取,并实时组装。

Dynamic websites are websites that dynamically generate content based on the activities of users, the data inputs they provide, or other circumstances. Content can be pulled from databases, files, or other sources and assembled in real time.

  1. Content Management Systems (CMS) − These websites provide users with a user-friendly interface that facilitates the management and updating of content. It includes WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal.

  2. E-commerce Websites − Enables online purchasing and selling of goods and services. They often include dynamic product lists, shopping carts, and secure payment processing. Examples include Amazon, eBay, and Shopify.

  3. Social Networking Websites − Encourage user-to-user social interactions, such as content sharing, friend links, and group or community. Examples include Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.

  4. Blogs − Websites where articles, updates, or commentary on specific topics are consistently published by individuals or organisations. They often include features such as commenting, categorization, and RSS feeds. Medium, Blogger, and WordPress are some of the key examples.

  5. Forums and Discussion Boards − Enable users with the ability to submit messages, ask questions, and participate in discussions on different topics. Reddit, Quora, and Stack Overflow are a few examples of such websites.

  6. Web Applications − Interactive functionality and user-specific experiences should be provided. Some examples are online banking, booking systems, and productivity applications. Examples of such applications include Gmail, Trello, and Google Docs.

这些类别并非互相排斥,许多网站结合使用静态和动态内容的元素来满足其特定要求。此外,Web 技术的进步模糊了静态和动态网站之间的界限,现代的静态网站生成器允许实现更多动态功能,同时保留静态网站的简单性。

These categories are not mutually exclusive, and many websites incorporate elements of both static and dynamic content to meet their specific requirements. Additionally, advances in web technologies have blurred the lines between static and dynamic websites, with modern static site generators allowing for more dynamic features while retaining the simplicity of static sites.

Difference between static and dynamic website

静态和动态网站之间的主要区别在于它们的内容如何生成并传递给用户 −

The primary difference between static and dynamic websites lies in how their content is generated and delivered to users −

  1. Content − The content of a static website is fixed and pre-defined. It is typically created by hand-coding HTML, CSS, and possibly JavaScript.

  2. Generation − Each web page is a separate HTML file stored on the web server. Content remains unchanged until manually updated by the website owner.

  3. Interactivity − Limited interactivity. Static websites are generally informational and do not respond to user inputs or interactions.

  4. Examples − Brochure websites, basic business websites, and personal portfolios.

  5. Content − Content on dynamic websites is generated dynamically, often using server-side scripting languages like PHP, Python, or Ruby. Content can be pulled from databases, files, or other sources.

  6. Generation − Web pages are generated on the fly in response to user requests. Content can be personalized based on user preferences, session data, or other variables.

  7. Interactivity − Dynamic websites can include interactive features such as user logins, forms, shopping carts, and content management systems. They can respond to user input in real time.

  8. Examples − E-commerce websites, social networking platforms, content management systems, web applications.

  9. Content Flexibility − Static websites have fixed content, while dynamic websites can generate content based on various factors, including user input and database queries.

  10. Interactivity − Dynamic websites can provide a more interactive experience, allowing users to submit forms, login, make purchases, and access personalized content.

  11. Maintenance − Static websites require manual updates to change content, while dynamic websites can be updated more easily through content management systems or database modifications.

  12. Scalability − Dynamic websites are often more scalable and adaptable to changing requirements due to their ability to generate content dynamically.

  13. Development Complexity − Dynamic websites typically involve more complex development processes, including server-side scripting, database integration, and potentially more advanced programming languages.

静态和动态网站都有各自的优势,并根据网站所有者的要求针对特定目标进行定制。静态网站通常更简单,且更适用于基本的信息站点,而动态网站则为更复杂项目提供更大的灵活性交互性。

Static and dynamic websites have advantages and are tailored to certain objectives based on the requirements of the website owner. Static websites are often simpler and more cost-effective for basic informational sites, while dynamic websites offer greater flexibility and interactivity for more complex projects.

Different categories of a website

网站在目的、内容和功能上差异很大。以下是几种常见的网站类型 −

Websites can vary widely in their purpose, content, and functionality. Here are some common types of websites −

  1. Business Website − These websites allow businesses to promote their products and services, provide company information, and communicate with customers. Their features may include e-commerce, contact forms, and customer support.

  2. E-commerce Website − These websites specialise in online sales and purchases. They often have product listings, shopping carts, payment methods, and customer accounts.

  3. Blog − A blog is a website with regularly updated, usually arranged in reverse chronological order. Blogs can be personal blogs, news commentary, how-to guides, and more.

  4. Educational Website − Educational websites provide educational resources, including courses, tutorials, and other learning materials, and can be found on websites that are dedicated to education. To acquire knowledge and skills, they can be utilised by students, teachers, and individuals who are self-learners.

  5. News Website − Local, national, and worldwide news websites provide articles, videos, and current events. They may cover a wide range of topics, including politics, sports, entertainment, and more.

  6. Social Networking Website − Social networking sites allow users to share, connect, and communicate online. These include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.

  7. Community Forum − These websites provide platforms for users to engage in conversations with other members of the community, debate a variety of topics, ask questions, share information, and share information.

  8. Personal Website − People make personal websites to share details about themselves, their passions, experiences, and interests. They could be used as personal blogs, digital portfolios, or online resumes.

你可以找到各种满足特定需求和兴趣的网站;这些只是其中的几个例子。为了更好地满足其访客的需求,许多网站可能还会整合不同种类的功能。

You can find a wide variety of websites that cater to specific needs and interests; these are just a few examples. To better meet the needs of its visitors, many websites may also incorporate features of different kinds.

How to access a website?

桌面、手机和平板电脑上的网络浏览器使网站访问变得容易。以下图片显示了如何访问网站的步骤。

Web browsers on desktops, cellphones, and tablets make website access easy. The following images show the steps to how to access a website.

access website

以下要点总结了如何访问网站 −

The following points summarise how to access a website −

  1. Open a Web Browser − Start a web browser on your computer. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, and Opera are all common computer browsers.

  2. Enter the Website’s URL − In the address bar of the web browser, type the URL of the website you want to access. For example, "www.tutorialspoint.com".

  3. Wait for the Page to Load − When you type a website’s URL, the system sends a request to the web server that hosts the website. The server will then send the web page data you asked for back to your computer, which will display it on your screen.

  4. Navigate the Website − After loading the website, users can move around its many pages by interacting with links, buttons, or menu items present within the site.

  5. Use Bookmarks (Optional) − If an individual frequently visits a specific website, they have the option to store the URL as a bookmark within their web browser, facilitating convenient access for future reference.

  6. Search Engines (Optional) − If you don’t know the website’s URL, try Google, Bing, or DuckDuckGo to find it. Enter keywords relating to the website’s content into the search field to see relevant results, including links to similar websites.

按照这些步骤,你可以在设备的网络浏览器上轻松查看任何网站。

Following these procedures, you can simply view any website on your device’s web browser.

网站托管在远程服务器上,需要互联网连接。

Websites are hosted on remote servers and require an internet connection.

Difference between a Webpage and a Website

“网页”和“网站”这两个术语密切相关,但在互联网领域中指的是不同的实体 −

The terms "webpage" and "website" are closely related but refer to different entities in the realm of the Internet −

Webpage

Website

A webpage is a single document

A website is a collection of related web pages

It is written using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

All the web pages of a website are written using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Web pages are accessible via a web browser

A Website is accessible via a web browser

It represents a single page of content

It represents multiple webpages of content

It may include text, images, videos, links, forms, and other multimedia elements.

A website also includes text, images, videos, links, forms, and other multimedia elements.

Webpages are the building blocks of a website

It encompasses a broader scope than a single webpage

Webpages are typically interconnected through hyperlinks.

Websites often include multiple webpages, along with other components such as a homepage, navigation menus, headers, footers

总结一下,网页是在网络浏览器中显示的单个文档。另一方面,网站由多个互连的网页和站点组成,这些网页和站点以一个特定实体、组织或目的构成了一个连贯的在线形象

To summarise, a webpage is a single document that is shown in a web browser. On the other hand, a website is comprised of several interconnected web pages and sites that form a coherent online presence for a particular entity, organization, or purpose.