Context Configuration with XML resources

要使用 XML 配置文件加载测试的 ApplicationContext，可以使用 @ContextConfiguration 注解测试类。locations 属性指定 XML 配置元数据文件的位置。可以将 locations 属性配置为包含文件路径数组，其中路径可以是绝对路径、相对路径或资源 URL。默认情况下，从 "classpath:{测试类名称}-context.xml" 加载 ApplicationContext。

要通过使用 XML 配置文件加载测试的 ApplicationContext，请用 @ContextConfiguration 注释你的测试类，并将 locations 属性配置为一个包含 XML 配置元数据资源位置的数组。一个普通路径或相对路径（例如 context.xml）被视为相对于定义测试类的包的类路径资源。以斜杠开头的路径被视为一个绝对的类路径位置（例如 ` /org/example/config.xml`）。一个表示资源 URL 的路径（即以 classpath:, file:, http:, 等为前缀的路径）被 “照原样” 使用。

To load an ApplicationContext for your tests by using XML configuration files, annotate your test class with @ContextConfiguration and configure the locations attribute with an array that contains the resource locations of XML configuration metadata. A plain or relative path (for example, context.xml) is treated as a classpath resource that is relative to the package in which the test class is defined. A path starting with a slash is treated as an absolute classpath location (for example, /org/example/config.xml). A path that represents a resource URL (i.e., a path prefixed with classpath:, file:, http:, etc.) is used as is.

Java
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
// ApplicationContext will be loaded from "/app-config.xml" and
// "/test-config.xml" in the root of the classpath
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"/app-config.xml", "/test-config.xml"}) (1)
class MyTest {
	// class body...
}
1 Setting the locations attribute to a list of XML files.
Kotlin
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension::class)
// ApplicationContext will be loaded from "/app-config.xml" and
// "/test-config.xml" in the root of the classpath
@ContextConfiguration(locations = ["/app-config.xml", "/test-config.xml"]) (1)
class MyTest {
	// class body...
}
2 Setting the locations attribute to a list of XML files.

@ContextConfiguration 通过标准 Java value 属性支持 locations 属性的一个别名。因此，如果你不需要在 @ContextConfiguration 中声明其他属性，则可以省略 locations 属性名称的声明，并使用以下示例中演示的简写格式声明资源位置：

@ContextConfiguration supports an alias for the locations attribute through the standard Java value attribute. Thus, if you do not need to declare additional attributes in @ContextConfiguration, you can omit the declaration of the locations attribute name and declare the resource locations by using the shorthand format demonstrated in the following example:

Java
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"/app-config.xml", "/test-config.xml"}) 1
class MyTest {
	// class body...
}
1 Specifying XML files without using the locations attribute.
Kotlin
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension::class)
@ContextConfiguration("/app-config.xml", "/test-config.xml") (1)
class MyTest {
	// class body...
}
2 Specifying XML files without using the locations attribute.

如果你从 @ContextConfiguration 注释中省略了 locations 和 value 属性，TestContext 框架将尝试检测一个默认 XML 资源位置。具体来说，GenericXmlContextLoader 和 GenericXmlWebContextLoader 根据测试类的名称检测一个默认位置。如果你的类名为 com.example.MyTest，GenericXmlContextLoader 将从 "classpath:com/example/MyTest-context.xml" 加载你的应用程序上下文。以下示例展示了如何这样做：

If you omit both the locations and the value attributes from the @ContextConfiguration annotation, the TestContext framework tries to detect a default XML resource location. Specifically, GenericXmlContextLoader and GenericXmlWebContextLoader detect a default location based on the name of the test class. If your class is named com.example.MyTest, GenericXmlContextLoader loads your application context from "classpath:com/example/MyTest-context.xml". The following example shows how to do so:

Java
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
// ApplicationContext will be loaded from
// "classpath:com/example/MyTest-context.xml"
@ContextConfiguration (1)
class MyTest {
	// class body...
}
1 Loading configuration from the default location.
Kotlin
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension::class)
// ApplicationContext will be loaded from
// "classpath:com/example/MyTest-context.xml"
@ContextConfiguration (1)
class MyTest {
	// class body...
}
2 Loading configuration from the default location.