Controller Advice

@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder 和 @ModelAttribute 方法仅适用于它们声明的 @Controller 类或类层次结构。相反，如果在 @ControllerAdvice 或 @RestControllerAdvice 类中声明它们，则它们将应用于任何控制器。此外，从 5.3 起，@ControllerAdvice 中的 @ExceptionHandler 方法可用于处理来自任何 @Controller 或任何其他处理程序的异常。

@ExceptionHandler, @InitBinder, and @ModelAttribute methods apply only to the @Controller class, or class hierarchy, in which they are declared. If, instead, they are declared in an @ControllerAdvice or @RestControllerAdvice class, then they apply to any controller. Moreover, as of 5.3, @ExceptionHandler methods in @ControllerAdvice can be used to handle exceptions from any @Controller or any other handler.

@ControllerAdvice 通过 @Component 进行元注释，因此可以通过 component scanning 注册为 Spring Bean。@RestControllerAdvice 通过 @ControllerAdvice 和 @ResponseBody 进行元注释，这意味着 @ExceptionHandler 方法将通过响应主体消息转换渲染其返回值，而不是通过 HTML 视图渲染。

@ControllerAdvice is meta-annotated with @Component and therefore can be registered as a Spring bean through component scanning . @RestControllerAdvice is meta-annotated with @ControllerAdvice and @ResponseBody, and that means @ExceptionHandler methods will have their return value rendered via response body message conversion, rather than via HTML views.

在启动时，RequestMappingHandlerMapping 和 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 会检测控制器建议 bean 并将其应用于运行时。来自 @ControllerAdvice 的全局 @ExceptionHandler 方法在来自 @Controller 的本地方法_之后_应用。相比之下，全局 @ModelAttribute 和 @InitBinder 方法在本地方法_之前_应用。

On startup, RequestMappingHandlerMapping and ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver detect controller advice beans and apply them at runtime. Global @ExceptionHandler methods, from an @ControllerAdvice, are applied after local ones, from the @Controller. By contrast, global @ModelAttribute and @InitBinder methods are applied before local ones.

@ControllerAdvice 注解具有可缩小其所应用的控制器和处理程序集的属性。例如：

The @ControllerAdvice annotation has attributes that let you narrow the set of controllers and handlers that they apply to. For example:

  • Java

  • Kotlin

// Target all Controllers annotated with @RestController
@ControllerAdvice(annotations = RestController.class)
public class ExampleAdvice1 {}

// Target all Controllers within specific packages
@ControllerAdvice("org.example.controllers")
public class ExampleAdvice2 {}

// Target all Controllers assignable to specific classes
@ControllerAdvice(assignableTypes = {ControllerInterface.class, AbstractController.class})
public class ExampleAdvice3 {}
// Target all Controllers annotated with @RestController
@ControllerAdvice(annotations = [RestController::class])
class ExampleAdvice1

// Target all Controllers within specific packages
@ControllerAdvice("org.example.controllers")
class ExampleAdvice2

// Target all Controllers assignable to specific classes
@ControllerAdvice(assignableTypes = [ControllerInterface::class, AbstractController::class])
class ExampleAdvice3

前一个示例中的选择器在运行时得到评估，如果使用广泛，可能会对性能产生负面影响。请参见 @ControllerAdvice javadoc 以获取更多详细信息。

The selectors in the preceding example are evaluated at runtime and may negatively impact performance if used extensively. See the @ControllerAdvice javadoc for more details.