Matplotlib 简明教程
Matplotlib - Text properties
Matplotlib 中的 Text properties 是指可以配置来控制图中文本元素的外观和布局的一组属性。这些属性包含各种特性，例如 -
Text properties in Matplotlib refer to a set of attributes that can be configured to control the appearance and layout of text elements within a plot. These properties include various characteristics such as −
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font style
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color
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size
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alignment, and more.
通过操纵这些属性，你可以定制图中文本的可视化方面。
By manipulating these properties, you can customize the visual aspects of text within the plots.
控制 Matplotlib 中的文本属性和布局涉及配置 matplotlib.text.Text 实例的各种属性。可以通过 set_title、set_xlabel 和 text 等函数中的关键字参数调整这些属性。
Controlling text properties and layout in Matplotlib involves configuring various attributes of the matplotlib.text.Text instances. These properties can be adjusted through keyword arguments in functions like set_title, set_xlabel, and text.
下面，我们将探讨 Matplotlib 中的关键文本属性以及示例。
Below, we explore key text properties in Matplotlib along with examples.
Text layout and positioning properties
文本布局和定位是将文本元素放置和对齐在图中的关键方面。下表列出了属性及其详细信息。
Text layout and positioning are crucial aspects for placing and aligning text elements within a plot. Following are the list of properties and their details.
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Position − Specifies the coordinates (x, y) where the text is placed.
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Rotation − Defines the angle of rotation for the text. Options include degrees, 'vertical', or 'horizontal'.
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Horizontal Alignment (ha) − Determines the alignment of the text along the x-axis. Options include 'center', 'right', and 'left'.
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Vertical Alignment (va) − Controls the alignment of the text along the y-axis. Options include 'center', 'top', 'bottom', and 'baseline'.
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Multialignment − For newline-separated strings, this property controls left, center, or right justification for different lines.
Example
此示例演示了应用各种布局和定位属性。
This example demonstrates the application of various layout and positioning properties.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Create a figure
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
# Set the axis limits
plt.axis((0, 10, 0, 10))
# Add text with various layout and positioning properties
ax.text(5, 7, 'Centered Text with 0 rotation', horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='center', rotation=0)
ax.text(1, 5, 'Right Aligned Text with 90 degrees rotation', ha='right', va='center', rotation=90)
ax.text(9, 5, 'Left Aligned Text with -90 degrees rotation', ha='left', va='center', rotation=-90)
ax.text(5, 2, 'Multiline\nText', ha='center', va='center', multialignment='center')
# Display the plot
plt.show()
print('Text is added successfully with the various layout and positioning properties..')执行上述代码，我们将得到以下输出 −
On executing the above code we will get the following output −
Text is added successfully with the various layout and positioning properties..Text color and transparency properties
颜色和透明度属性增强了绘图中文本元素的视觉外观。
Color and transparency properties enhance the visual appearance of text elements within a plot.
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color − Specifies the color of the text. This can be any valid matplotlib color.
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backgroundcolor − Defines the background color behind the text. It can be set using any valid matplotlib color.
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alpha − Represents the transparency of the text. It is specified as a float, where 0.0 is fully transparent, and 1.0 is fully opaque.
Example
此示例演示如何在 Matplotlib 中使用颜色和透明度属性。
This example demonstrates how to use color and transparency properties in Matplotlib.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Create a figure
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 4))
# Set the axis limits
plt.axis((0, 10, 0, 10))
# Add text with color and transparency properties
ax.text(3, 8, 'Plain text without any property')
ax.text(3, 6, 'Colored Text', color='blue')
ax.text(3, 4, 'Background Color', backgroundcolor='yellow')
ax.text(3, 2, 'Transparent Text', alpha=0.5)
# Display the plot
plt.show()
print('Text added successfully...')执行上述代码，我们将得到以下输出 −
On executing the above code we will get the following output −
Text added successfully...Different font properties
字体属性对于自定义绘图中文本元素的外观至关重要。这些属性允许控制用于渲染文本的字体的类型、风格、粗细、大小、变体和名称。
Font properties are essential for customizing the appearance of text elements within a plot. These properties provide control over the type, style, thickness, size, variant, and name of the font used for rendering text.
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Family − Specifies the type of font to be used, such as 'serif', 'sans-serif', or 'monospace'.
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Style or Fontstyle − Determines the style of the font, with options like 'normal', 'italic', or 'oblique'.
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Weight or Fontweight − The thickness or boldness of the font. Options include 'normal', 'bold', 'heavy', 'light', 'ultrabold', and 'ultralight'.
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Size or Fontsize − Specifies the size of the font in points or relative sizes like 'smaller' or 'x-large'.
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Name or Fontname − Defines the name of the font as a string. Examples include 'Sans', 'Courier', 'Helvetica', and more.
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Variant − Describes the font variant, with options like 'normal' or 'small-caps'.
Example
此示例演示如何使用各种字体属性自定义 Matplotlib 中文本的外观。
This example demonstrates how to use various font properties to customize the appearance of text in Matplotlib.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Create a figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 4))
# Set the axis limits
plt.axis((0, 10, 0, 10))
# Define a long string
sample_text = ("Tutorialspoint")
# Add text at various locations with various configurations
plt.text(0, 9, 'Oblique text placed at the center with a 25-degree rotation',
fontstyle='oblique', fontweight='heavy', ha='center', va='baseline', rotation=45, wrap=True)
plt.text(7.5, 0.5, 'Text placed at the left with a 45-degree rotation', ha='left', rotation=45, wrap=True)
plt.text(5, 5, sample_text + '\nMiddle', ha='center', va='center', color='green', fontsize=24)
plt.text(10.5, 7, 'Text placed at the right with a -45-degree rotation', ha='right', rotation=-45, wrap=True)
plt.text(5, 10, 'Sans text with oblique style is placed at the center', fontsize=10, fontname='Sans',
style='oblique', ha='center', va='baseline', wrap=True)
plt.text(6, 3, 'A serif family text is placed right with the italic style', family='serif',
style='italic', ha='right', wrap=True)
plt.text(-0.5, 0, 'Small-caps variant text is placed at the left with a -25-degree rotation',
variant='small-caps', ha='left', rotation=-25, wrap=True)
# Display the plot
plt.show()
print('Text added successfully...')执行上述代码，我们将得到以下输出 −
On executing the above code we will get the following output −
Text added successfully...The bounding box and Clipping Properties
边界框和裁剪属性用于控制绘图中文本元素的布局和可见性。这些属性包括为文本指定边界框、定义裁剪参数以及启用或禁用裁剪。
Bounding box and Clipping properties are used to control the layout and visibility of text elements within a plot. These properties include specifying a bounding box for text, defining clipping parameters, and enabling or disabling clipping.
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Bbox − Defines a bounding box for the text. It includes properties like color, padding, and more.
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Clip Box and Clip Path − Specify a bounding box or path for clipping the text. These properties allow you to control the region where the text is visible.
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Clip On − A boolean indicating whether clipping is enabled. When set to True, the text is clipped to the specified region.
Example
此示例演示了在向绘图添加文本时使用边界框和裁剪属性。
This example demonstrates the use of a bounding box and clipping properties while adding text to a plot.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Create a figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 4))
# Set the axis limits
plt.axis((0, 10, 0, 10))
# Add text with bounding box and clipping properties
plt.text(3, 7, 'Text with Bounding Box', bbox={'facecolor': 'yellow', 'edgecolor': 'blue', 'pad': 5})
plt.text(3, 5, 'Clipped Text', bbox={'facecolor': 'lightgreen', 'edgecolor': 'darkgreen', 'pad': 5}, clip_on=True)
# Display the plot
plt.show()
print('Text added successfully...')执行上述代码，我们将得到以下输出 −
On executing the above code we will get the following output −
Text added successfully...