Selenium 简明教程

Selenium WebDriver - Frameworks

Selenium 是一款用于测试 Web 应用程序的开源可移植自动化软件测试工具。它能够跨不同的浏览器、设备和操作系统运行。Selenium 不仅仅是一个工具，而是一套工具，可以帮助测试人员更有效地自动化基于 Web 的应用程序。Selenium 可与多种编程语言一起使用，如 Java、Python、Ruby、JavaScript、C# 等。

Selenium is an open-source and a portable automated software testing tool for testing web applications. It has capabilities to operate across different browsers, devices and operating systems. Selenium is not just a single tool but a set of tools that helps testers to automate web-based applications more efficiently. Selenium can be used with multiple programming languages like Java, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, C#, and so on.

Selenium Components

Selenium 是一套有助于进行 Web 自动化的工具。它们如下所示−

Selenium is a suite of tools that help of take up web automation. They are listed below −

  1. Selenium IDE − It is available as an addon for Chrome and Firefox browsers.

  2. Selenium Remote Control − It is server developed in Java and allows writing automation tests in multiple languages like Java, Perl, Python, and so on.

  3. Selenium Webdriver − It is a tool that can be integrated with other frameworks like TestNG, JUnit, and so on and can be used with multiple programming languages.

  4. Selenium Grid − It is a tool that helps to achieve parallel execution across various platforms and browsers.

What is a Framework?

Framework 是遵循项目团队不同成员的协议、规则和准则的集合，这样该项目就能够以系统和组织化的方式运行。这最终有助于运行一个成功的项目。

A Framework is a collection of protocol, rules, and guidelines that is followed by different members of the project team so that the project runs in a systematic, and origanized way. This ultimately helps to run a successful project.

Types of Frameworks

框架的不同类型如下 −

The different types of frameworks are listed below −

  1. Keyword Driven Framework

  2. Data Driven Framework

  3. Hybrid Driven Framework

Keyword Driven Framework

Keyword Driven Framework 可以被手动测试人员和自动化测试人员广泛使用。手动测试人员可以将关键字作为测试用例放入，并在被测产品上执行动作。他们无需担心代码中的实现逻辑。

A Keyword Driven Framework can be used extensively by both manual and automation testers. The manual testers can place the keywords in the form of test cases and perform actions on the product under test. They are not required to worry about the implementation logic in the code.

Data Driven Framework

Data Driven Framework 在其中，测试数据与测试脚本分离开来。此外，数据驱动的框架允许执行单个测试脚本多次以增加测试覆盖率。

A Data Driven Framework is one in which the test data is separated from the test scripts. Besides, a data driven framework allows execution of a single test script more than one times to increase the test coverage.

Hybrid Driven Framework

Hybrid Driven Framework 有助于使测试用例更灵活，并且各个特性可以独立存在，而不会影响其他特性。使用混合框架创建的测试用例更易于维护，并且向这种类型框架中添加新测试用例需要的时间更少。

A Hybrid Driven Framework helps to make the test cases more flexible and individual features can exist independently without affecting the others. The test cases created with a hybrid framework are easier to maintain and addition of new test cases to this type of framework require less of time.

Conclusion

这总结了我们对 Selenium Webdriver 框架教程的全面讲解。我们从描述 Selenium 组件、什么是框架、框架类型开始，并描述了关键字驱动、数据驱动和混合框架。它可以让你深入了解 Selenium Webdriver 中的框架。明智的做法是不断练习你所学的内容，并探索与 Selenium 相关的内容，以加深你的理解并拓宽你的视野。

This concludes our comprehensive take on the tutorial on Selenium Webdriver Frameworks. We’ve started with describing components of Selenium, what is a framework, types of a framework, and described keyword driven, data driven, and hybrid frameworks. This equips you with in-depth knowledge of the frameworks in Selenium Webdriver. It is wise to keep practicing what you’ve learned and exploring others relevant to Selenium to deepen your understanding and expand your horizons.