Selenium 简明教程

Selenium Webdriver - JSON Data File

Selenium Webdriver 可用于与 json 数据文件交互。通常在自动化测试中，需要通过 json 文件向测试用例提供大量数据以验证特定场景或创建数据驱动框架。json 文件包含键值对形式的数据，其扩展名为 .json。

Selenium Webdriver can be used to interact with the json data file. Often in an automation test, there remains a need to feed a large amount of data through a json file for a test case to verify a specific scenario or to create a data driven framework. A json file contains data in key-value pairs and it has an extension of .json.

Java 提供了很少的类和方法，使用 JSON Simple 库执行 json 文件的读写数据操作。JSON Simple 是一个用于操作 JSON 对象的轻量级库。

Java provides few classes and methods to carry out read and write data operations on a json file using the JSON Simple libraries. The JSON Simple is library of lightweight nature used to manipulate JSON objects

How to Install the JSON Simple?

Step 1 − 从以下链接添加 JSON Simple 依赖项 −

Step 1 − Add the JSON Simple dependencies from the below link −

https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/

https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/.

Step 2 − 保存包含所有依赖关系的 pom.xml 并更新 Maven 项目。

Step 2 − Save the pom.xml with all the dependencies and update the maven project.

Example 1 - Read all Values From a Json File

我们以命名为 Detail.json 文件的下方 json 为例，我们将读取整个 json 文件，并使用 JSONParser 类及其方法 parse() 检索其所有值。

Let us take an example of the below json named the Detail.json file, where we will read the whole json file and retrieve all its values using the JSONParser class and its method parse().

Detail.json 文件的内容为 −

The contents of the Detail.json file is −

{
   "name": "Ram",
   "email": "abc@gmail.com",
   "home": [
      {
         "road": "TUY",
         "zip": "700008"
      },
      {
         "road": "TUX",
         "zip": "700061"
      }
   ]
}

从 Detail.json 文件检索值后，我们将输入 Full Name 和 Email 字段中 name 和 email 键的值。

Once we retrieve the values from the Detail.json file, we would input the values of the name, and email keys in the below page within the Full Name, and Email fields.

请注意： Details.json 文件位于 Resources 文件夹下，如下图所示。

Please Note: The Details.json file was placed within the project under the Resources folder as shown in the below image.

JSONRead.java 类文件上的代码实现。

Code Implementation on JSONRead.java class file.

package org.example;

import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;
import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class JSONRead {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException {

      //object of JSONParser
      JSONParser j = new JSONParser();

      // load json file to be read
      FileReader f = new FileReader("./Resources/Detail.json");

      // parse json content
      Object o = j.parse(f);

      // convert parsing object to JSON object
      JSONObject detail = (JSONObject)o;

      // get values from JSON file
      String name = (String)detail.get("name");
      String email = (String)detail.get("email");
      System.out.println("First Name: " + name);
      System.out.println("Email: " + email);

      // get values from JSON array
      JSONArray h = (JSONArray)detail.get("home");

      // iterate through the JSONArray
      for(int i = 0; i < h.size(); i ++){
         JSONObject home = (JSONObject) h.get(i);
         String road = (String)home.get("road");
         String zip = (String)home.get("zip");
         System.out.println("Road: " + road);
         System.out.println("Zip: " + zip);
      }

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 12 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(12, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/text-box.php");

      //Identify elements
      WebElement n = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='fullname']"));
      WebElement m = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']"));

      // enter name and email after reading from JSON file
      n.sendKeys(name);
      m.sendKeys(email);

      // get values entered
      String enteredName = n.getAttribute("value");
      String enteredEmail = m.getAttribute("value");
      System.out.println("Entered Name: " + enteredName);
      System.out.println("Entered Email: " + enteredEmail);

      // quitting browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

添加到 pom.xml 的依赖关系。

Dependencies added to pom.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>org.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>SeleniumJava</artifactId>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

   <properties>
      <maven.compiler.source>16</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>16</maven.compiler.target>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
         <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
         <version>4.11.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.googlecode.json-simple/json-simple -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.googlecode.json-simple</groupId>
         <artifactId>json-simple</artifactId>
         <version>1.1.1</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

Output

First Name: Ram
Email: abc@gmail.com
Road: TUY
Zip: 700008
Road: TUX
Zip: 700061
Entered Name: Ram
Entered Email: abc@gmail.com

Process finished with exit code 0

在上述示例中，我们已经读取了整个 json 文件，并在控制台中以消息 First Name: Ram, Email: abc@gmail.com, Road: TUY, Zip: 700008, Road: TUX 和 Zip: 700061 获取了其所有值。然后，将通过读取 JSON 文件获得的姓氏和电子邮件的值输入到网页上的输入框，同时还使用控制台中的消息检索输入的值 - Entered Name: Ram 和 Entered Email: abc@gmail.com 。

In the above example, we had read the whole json file and obtained all its value in the console with message - First Name: Ram, Email: abc@gmail.com, Road: TUY, Zip: 700008, Road: TUX, and Zip: 700061.Then entered the values of First Name, and Email obtained by reading the JSON file to the input boxes on the web page, and also retrieved the value entered with the messages in the console - Entered Name: Ram, and Entered Email: abc@gmail.com.

最后，收到了消息 Process finished with exit code 0 ，表示代码成功执行。

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Example 2 - Write and Read Values in a Json File

我们再举一个例子，在项目中的 Resources 文件夹下创建一个名为 Detail1.json 的 json 文件，并在其中写入一些值。

Let us take another example where we will create a json file named Detail1.json under the Resources folder in the project and write some values in it.

package org.example;

import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;
import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class JSONReadWrite {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException {

      // object of JSONObject
      JSONObject j = new JSONObject();

      // generate key-value pairs in JSON file
      j.put("Name", "Selenium");
      j.put("Language", "Java");

      // create JSON file with no duplicate values
      FileWriter f = new FileWriter("./Resources/Detail1.json", false);

      // write on json file
      f.write(j.toJSONString());

      // close file after write
      f.close();

      //object of JSONParser
      JSONParser j1 = new JSONParser();

      // load json file to be read
      FileReader f1 = new FileReader("./Resources/Detail1.json");

      // parse json content
      Object o = j1.parse(f1);

      // convert parsing object to JSON object
      JSONObject detail = (JSONObject)o;

      // get values from JSON file
      String name = (String)detail.get("Name");
      String language = (String)detail.get("Language");
      System.out.println("Name: " + name);
      System.out.println("Language: " + language);
   }
}

添加到 pom.xml 的依赖关系。

Dependencies added to pom.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>org.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>SeleniumJava</artifactId>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

   <properties>
      <maven.compiler.source>16</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>16</maven.compiler.target>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
         <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
         <version>4.11.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.googlecode.json-simple/json-simple -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.googlecode.json-simple</groupId>
         <artifactId>json-simple</artifactId>
         <version>1.1.1</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

Output

Name: Selenium
Language: Java

Process finished with exit code 0

在上述示例中，我们在项目中的 Resources 文件夹下创建了一个名为 Detail1.json 的 json 文件并在其中写入了一些值。然后，我们读取所有这些值，并最终在控制台中以消息 – Name: Selenium 和 Language: Java 获得这些值。

In the above example, we created a json file Detail1.json under the Resources folder inside the project and wrote some values in it. Then we read all those values, and finally obtained them in the console with messages -Name: Selenium, and Language: Java.

最后，收到了消息 Process finished with exit code 0 ，表示代码成功执行。

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

此外，名为 Detail1.csv 的 json 在项目目录中创建。单击它，我们将获取通过上述代码编写的值。

Also, the json with the filename Detail1.csv got created in the project directory. On clicking it, we would get the values written through the above code.

至此，我们结束了 Selenium Webdriver - JSON 数据文件教程的全面介绍。我们首先介绍了什么是 JSON Simple 库，如何安装 JSON Simple，并通过示例演示了如何使用 JSON Simple 读取和写入 json 中的值以及 Selenium Webdriver。这使你掌握了 Selenium Webdriver 中 JSON 数据文件的深入知识。明智的做法是继续练习你所学的内容，并探索与 Selenium 相关的其他内容，以加深你的理解并拓宽你的视野。

This concludes our comprehensive take on the tutorial on Selenium Webdriver - JSON Data File. We’ve started with describing what is a JSON Simple library, how to install JSON Simple, and walked through examples of how to read and write values in json taking help of JSON Simple along with Selenium Webdriver. This equips you with in-depth knowledge of the JSON Data File in Selenium Webdriver. It is wise to keep practicing what you’ve learned and exploring others relevant to Selenium to deepen your understanding and expand your horizons.