Selenium 简明教程
Selenium WebDriver - Handling Links
Selenium Webdriver 可用于处理网页上的链接。在 * HTML* 术语中，每个链接（称为超链接）都由称为锚的标记名标识。此外，网页上的每个链接都有一个名为 href 的属性。
Identify of Links in HTML
现在让我们讨论超链接 * anchor tags* 的 Created 标识，如下面的图片所示。右键单击该网页，然后单击 Chrome 浏览器中的检查按钮。之后，整个页面的相应 HTML 代码将可见。要检查页面上的创建链接，请单击如下面突出显示的左上角箭头。
一旦我们单击并将箭头指向创建超链接，其 HTML 代码将可见。
可以在 Selenium 中使用链接文本定位符来标识链接。将标识与链接文本匹配值匹配的第一个元素。
Handle Links with Link Text Locator
让我们来看上述页面的示例，单击创建链接后，将在页面上看到文本 Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created 。
Example
package org.example;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HandLinks {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// adding implicit wait of 15 secs
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
driver.get
("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/links.php");
// identify link with link text locator then click
WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Created"));
l.click();
// identify text locator
WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/div[1]"));
System.out.println("Text appeared is: " + t.getText());
// Closing browser
driver.quit();
}
}Text appeared is: Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created
Process finished with exit code 0在上述示例中，在带有消息的链接 Created 上执行单击后获得的文本为 Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created 。
最后，收到了消息 Process finished with exit code 0 ，表示代码成功执行。
Handle Links with Partial Link Text Locator
可以在 Selenium 中使用部分链接文本定位符来标识链接。将标识与部分链接文本匹配值匹配的第一个元素。
Syntax
Webdriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("value of partial link text"));Example
package org.example;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HandPartialLinks {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// adding implicit wait of 15 secs
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/links.php");
// identify link with partial link text locator then click
WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Creat"));
l.click();
// identify text locator
WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/div[1]"));
System.out.println("Text appeared is: " + t.getText());
// Closing browser
driver.quit();
}
}Text appeared is: Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created在上述示例中，通过 partial link text 单击该链接后获得的文本（带有消息）为 Link Link has responded with status 201 and status text Created 。
Handle Links with Tagname Locator
可以使用 Selenium 中的标签名称定位器来识别链接。具有标签名称匹配值的第一个元素会被识别。
在上面讨论的示例中，我们单击并指向“已创建”超链接，其 HTML 代码是可见的，反映了锚点标签名称（称为“a”并用 <> 括起）。
<a href="javascript:void(0);" id="created" onclick="shide('create')">Created</a>Syntax
Webdriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.findElement(By.tagName("a”));让我们以同一页面的示例为例，我们首先计算链接的总数，然后我们单击某个特定链接，例如“无内容”。在单击该链接后，我们在页面上获取文本 Link has responded with status 204 and status text 。
Example
package org.example;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.List;
public class TotalLinks {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// adding implicit wait of 15 secs
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/links.php");
// identify link with link text locator then click
WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.linkText("No Content"));
l.click();
// Retrieve all links using locator By.tagName and storing in List
List<WebElement> totalLnks = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a") );
System.out.println( "Total number of links: " + totalLnks.size() ) ;
// Running loop through list of web elements
for( int j = 0; j < totalLnks.size(); j ++){
if( totalLnks.get(j).getText().equalsIgnoreCase("No Content") ) {
totalLnks.get(j).click();
WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/div[2]"));
// get the browser title to confirm navigation after click
System.out.println( "Get text after click: " + t.getText());
break ;
}
}
// Closing browser
driver.quit();
}
}Total number of links: 42
Get text after click: Link has responded with status 204 and status text No Content在上面的示例中，我们在网页上计算了链接的总数，并在控制台中收到了消息 - Total number of links: 42 ，以及在使用消息 Get text after click: Link has responded with status 204 and status text No Content 执行单击后获得的文本。