Kivy 简明教程

Kivy - Calculator App

本章中，我们将学习如何使用 Kivy 库构建计算器应用程序。计算器包含用于每个数字和运算符的按钮。它应该具有一个标题为“=”的按钮，用于计算运算，以及一个用于清除结果的按钮。

In this chapter, we shall learn to build a calculator app using the Kivy library. A calculator consists of buttons for each digit and operators. It should have a button with "=" caption that computes the operation, and a button to clear the result.

我们以以下设计作为起点 −

Let us start with the following design in mind −

kivy calculator app

以上布局显示了顶部的输入框，随后是按钮的 3 列布局，四种运算符按钮在它们旁边以一列排列。

The above layout shows a input box at the top, followed by a 3-column layout for buttons, besides which the four operator buttons are arranged in one column.

我们将使用一列的顶部网格布局，然后添加右对齐的 TextInput，在它下面我们将放置另一个 2 列网格。此网格的左侧单元包含三列中的数字、= 和 C 按钮。第二列是用于所有算术运算符的另一个一列网格。

We shall use a top grid layout with one column, and add the right-aligned TextInput below which we shall put another 2-column grid. The left cell of this grid houses digit, = and C buttons in three columns. The second column is another one-column grid for all the arithmetic operators.

以下“kv”文件改编此逻辑 −

The following "kv" file adapts this logic −

<calcy>:
   GridLayout:
      cols:1
      TextInput:
         id:t1
         halign:'right'
         size_hint:1,.2
         font_size:60
      GridLayout:
         cols:2
         GridLayout:
            cols:3
            size:root.width, root.height
            Button:
               id:one
               text:'1'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:two
               text:'2'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:thee
               text:'3'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:four
               text:'4'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:five
               text:'5'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:six
               text:'6'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:seven
               text:'7'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:eight
               text:'8'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:nine
               text:'9'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:zero
               text:'0'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:eq
               text:'='
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
            Button:
               id:clr
               text:'C'
               on_press:root.onpress(*args)
      GridLayout:
         cols:1
         size_hint:(.25, root.height)
         Button:
            id:plus
            text:'+'
            on_press:root.onpress(*args)
         Button:
            id:minus
            text:'-'
            on_press:root.onpress(*args)
         Button:
            id:mult
            text:'*'
            on_press:root.onpress(*args)
         Button:
            id:divide
            text:'/'
            on_press:root.onpress(*args)

请注意，每个按钮在其 on_press 事件上与 onpress() 方法绑定。

Note that each button is bound with onpress() method on its on_press event.

onpress() 方法基本上读取按钮标题（它的文本属性），并决定行动路线。

The onpress() method basically reads the button caption (its text property) and decides the course of action.

  1. If the button has a digit as its caption, it is appended to the text property of the TextInput box.

self.ids.t1.text=self.ids.t1.text+instance.text

  1. If the button represents any arithmetic operator (+, -, *, /) the number in the textbox at that time is stored in a variable for further operation and the textbox is cleared.

if instance.text in "+-*/":
self.first=int(self.ids.t1.text)
self.ids.t1.text='0'
self.op=instance.text

  1. If the button’s text property is '=', the number in the text box at that time is the second operand. Appropriate arithmetic operation is done and the result is displayed in the text box.

if instance.text=='=':
if self.first==0: return
self.second=int(self.ids.t1.text)
if self.op=='+': result=self.first+self.second
if self.op=='-': result=self.first-self.second
if self.op=='*': result=self.first*self.second
if self.op=='/': result=self.first/self.second
self.ids.t1.text=str(result)
self.first=self.second=0

  1. Finally, if the button has C as the caption, the text box is set to empty.

if instance.text=='C':
self.ids.t1.text=''
self.first=self.second=0

Example

以上“kv”文件加载在 App 类的 build() 方法中。以下是 complete code −

The above "kv" file is loaded inside the build() method of the App class. Here is the complete code −

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.button import Button
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
from kivy.core.window import Window

Window.size = (720,400)

class calcy(GridLayout):
   def __init__(self, **kwargs):
      super(calcy, self).__init__(**kwargs)
      self.first=self.second=0

   def onpress(self, instance):
      if instance.text=='C':
         self.ids.t1.text=''
         self.first=self.second=0
      elif instance.text in "+-*/":
         self.first=int(self.ids.t1.text)
         self.ids.t1.text='0'
         self.op=instance.text

      elif instance.text=='=':
         if self.first==0: return
            self.second=int(self.ids.t1.text)
         if self.op=='+': result=self.first+self.second
         if self.op=='-': result=self.first-self.second
         if self.op=='*': result=self.first*self.second
         if self.op=='/': result=self.first/self.second
         self.ids.t1.text=str(result)
         self.first=self.second=0
      else:
         self.ids.t1.text=self.ids.t1.text+instance.text

class calculatorapp(App):
   def build(self):
      return calcy(cols=3)

calculatorapp().run()

Output

运行上面的程序并使用此应用程序执行所有基本的算术计算。

Run the above program and perform all the basic arithmetic calculations with this app.

kivy calculator