Digital-electronics 简明教程
Types of Digital Systems
system 被定义为各种组件相互连接在一起的一个组，以执行特定任务。例如，一台数字计算机由显示器、CPU（中央处理单元）、存储器、键盘、鼠标、打印机等多个组件组成。所有这些组件连接在一起以完成某些任务。因此，计算机可以称为一个系统。
A system is defined as a group of various components interconnected together to perform a specific task. For example, a digital computer consists of several components such as monitor, CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, keyboard, mouse, printer, and more. All these components are connected together to accomplish certain tasks. Hence, a computer can be termed as a system.
我们可以大致将系统分为以下两类 −
We can broadly classify systems into the following two categories −
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Analog Systems
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Digital Systems
模拟系统是一种针对连续时间信号工作的系统类型，而数字系统则是能够针对离散时间信号工作的系统。
An analog system is a type of system that operates on continuous time signals, while a digital system is one that can work on discrete time signals.
阅读本章以了解数字系统及其类型。
Read this chapter to learn the basics of digital systems and their types.
What is a Digital System?
一种旨在存储、处理和传输数字化表示信息的电子系统被称为 digital system 。数字系统的常见示例包括智能手机、笔记本电脑、智能手表、平板电脑、台式机等。
A type of electronic system that is designed to store, manipulate, and communicate digitally represented information is termed as a digital system. Some common examples of digital systems include smartphone, laptops, smartwatch, tablet, desktop computers, etc.
数字系统的工作完全基于数字信号或二进制信号。其中，数字信号是一种表示为离散元素的信号类型。它可以有两种可能的状态，即高或低。高状态表示为逻辑 1，低状态表示为逻辑 0。
The working of a digital system is entirely based on digital signals or binary signals. Where, a digital signal is a type of signal that is represented as a discrete-elements. It can have two possible states namely high or low. The high state is denoted by the logic 1 and the low state is denoted by the logic 0.
在数字系统中，如果信号的状态为逻辑 1，则系统将处于打开状态；如果信号的状态为 0，则系统将处于关闭状态。
In a digital system, if the state of the signal is logic 1, the system will be on, and if the state of the signal is 0, the system will be off.
Characteristics of Digital Systems
如今，数字系统已广泛应用于生活的各个方面。这是因为它们具有很高的可靠性和效率。以下是一些数字系统的关键特征 −
Today, digital systems are widely used in almost every aspect of life. This is because of their high reliability and efficiency. The following are some key characteristics of digital systems −
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Digital systems are relative less complex to implement as they use binary number system having only two digits to represent the state of a system.
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In digital systems, the information is represented in the form of a group of 0s and 1s i.e., bits. This is called binary or digital representation of information.
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Digital systems rely on digital signals having two well-defined discrete states. This makes digital systems more reliable and efficient in terms of processing, storage, and communication of information.
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Digital systems use logical mathematics and operations to perform computing tasks.
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Digital systems can be manufactured in the form of integrated circuits (ICs) of very small sizes.
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Digital systems can be easily programmed to perform repeated tasks that reduces human efforts and cost.
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Digital systems are highly immune to noise and distortions.
Types of Digital Systems
数字化系统可以根据各种参数进行分类。以下是我们在实践中常用的几种重要类型的数字化系统：
Digital systems can be classified based on various parameters. Here are some important types of digital systems that we commonly use in practice −
Combinational Digital Systems
组合逻辑电路或系统是一种执行逻辑运算并根据当前输入产生输出的数字化电路。因此，组合数字化电路的输出不依赖于系统的过去输入和输出。
A combinational logic circuit or system is a type of digital circuit that performs logical operations and produces output depending on the present inputs. Hence, the output of a combinational digital circuit does not depend on the past inputs and outputs of the system.
Example ——组合数字化系统的常见例子包括二进制加法器、减法器、逻辑门、多路复用器、解复用器等。
Example − The common examples of combinational digital systems are binary adders, subtractors, logic gates, multiplexers, demultiplexers, etc.
Sequential Digital Systems
具有存储系统过去操作历史的记忆元素的数字化系统称为顺序数字化系统。因此，数字化系统的输出取决于系统当前的输入及其过去的输出。
A type of digital system that has a memory element to store past history of the system operation is called a sequential digital system. Therefore, the output of a digital system depends on both present inputs and past outputs of the system.
Example 顺序数字化系统的示例有触发器、寄存器、存储器件、计数器等。
Example of sequential digital systems are flip-flops, registers, memory devices, counters, etc.
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)
可编程逻辑器件可以被编程为自动执行特定任务。
A programmable logic device is one that can be programmed to perform a specific task automatically.
Example 可编程逻辑器件的示例有微控制器、PLC 等。
Example of programmable logic devices are microcontrollers, PLCs, etc.
Digital Communication Systems
数字化通信系统是一种数字化系统，用于以数字信号的形式传输和接收信息。
A digital communication system is a type of digital system used for transmission and reception of information in the form of digital signals.
Example 数字化通信系统的示例有互联网、内联网、移动通信系统、Wi-Fi 等。
Example of digital communication systems are internet, intranet, mobile communication system, Wi-Fi, etc.
Digital Control Systems
数字化控制系统是一种用于监控和调节动态系统行为的计算机化控制系统。
A digital control system is a computerized control system used to monitor and regulate the behavior of a dynamic system.
Example ——数字化控制系统广泛用于机器人技术、工业自动化等领域。
Example − Digital control systems are extensively used in robotics, industrial automation, etc.
Conclusion
总之，数字化系统是现代系统，以其高速和可靠性而闻名。数字化系统利用数字信号来存储、处理和通信信息。
In conclusion, digital systems are modern systems known for their high speed and reliability. A digital system utilizes digital signals to store, process, and communicate the information.
本章中，我们解释了数字系统及其类型基础知识。转到下一章学习电子工程领域所使用的信号类型。
In this chapter, we explained the basics of digital systems and their types. Traverse to the next chapter to learn all about the types of signals used in the field of electronics engineering.